Electrical, Electronic and

Logic Components
Course Code: CMPE 30141
Course Title: Computer Engineering Drafting and Design
Instructor: Engr. Jomer Juan
Electronic Classification

• Passive Components
• It is a classification of electronic component that is used for resistance of
electrical current and storing of electrical charge through a capacitance

• Active Components
• It is classified as part of the semiconductor devices such as diode, Bipolar
Junction Transistor (BJT), Vacuum Tube devices such as Vacuum tube diode,
triode, Tetrode, Pentode, etc.
Resistor

• A resistor is a circuit component which has electrical resistance; it slows

the movement of electrons through it.
• Resistors dissipate electrical energy, converting it to heat.
Resistors in Circuits

• Resistors lower voltage across an active circuit; the voltage on the

positive end will be higher than the voltage on the negative end.
• The voltage across is a resistor is proportional to the current flowing
through it.
• The symbol for resistors is a zigzagging line. It resembles a type of
resistor called the wire-wrapped resistor, which is wire wrapped around
a ceramic core.
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
COLOR 1ST
BAND 2
ND
BAND 3RD
BAND TOLERAN
CE BBROYGBVGW
BLACK 0 0
Bad
BROWN 1 1
RED 2 2
Boys
ORANGE 3 3
Race
X Y Z tolerance
YELLOW 4 4
Our
Young
RESISTOR VALUE = XY * Z ±TOLERANCE GREEN 5 5
Girls
BLUE 6 6
VIOLET 7 7 But
• 1ST BAND = 1ST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT GRAY 8 8 Violet
• 2ND BAND = 2ND SIGNIFICANT DIGIT WHITE 9 9 Generally
• 3RD BAND = 3RD SIGNIFICANT DIGIT GOLD 5% Wins
• 4TH BAND = TOLERANCE SILVER 10%
None 10%

EXAMPLE: with a tolerance of ± 5%

FIND THE RESISTANCE OF THE GIVEN ± 5%
RESISTOR? RED
(2)
RED BLACK
(2) (10^0 )
GOLD
(5%)
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
EXAMPLE: COLOR 1
ST
BAND 2
ND
BAND 3
RD
BAND TOLERAN
CE

FIND THE RESISTANCE OF THE GIVEN BLACK 0 0

RESISTOR? BROWN 1 1
RED 2 2
ORANGE 3 3

YELLOW 4 4

GREEN 5 5
BLUE 6 6
VIOLET 7 7

GREEN BROWN ORANGE GOLD GRAY 8 8

(5) (1) (10^3) (5%)
WHITE 9 9
GOLD 5%
SILVER 10%
with a tolerance of ± 5% None 10%

± 5%
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
EXAMPLE: COLOR 1
ST
BAND 2
ND
BAND 3
RD
BAND TOLERAN
CE

What is the color code for a 350 𝜴 5% BLACK 0 0

resistor? BROWN 1 1
RED 2 2
ORANGE 3 3

350 𝜴 5% YELLOW

GREEN
4

5
4

5
BLUE 6 6
VIOLET 7 7
GRAY 8 8

ORANGE WHITE 9 9
BROWN GOLD GOLD 5%
SILVER 10%
GREEN None 10%

NOTE: NEVER USE COLOR BLACK AS THE

FIRST COLOR BAND OF THE RESISTOR
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
QUESTION: COLOR 1
ST
BAND 2
ND
BAND 3
RD
BAND TOLERAN
CE

What is the color code for a 220 𝜴 5% BLACK 0 0

resistor? BROWN 1 1
RED 2 2
ORANGE 3 3
A. RED, RED, BROWN, GOLD
YELLOW 4 4
B. ORANGE, ORANGE, BLACK, GOLD
GREEN 5 5
C. RED, RED, BLACK, GOLD
BLUE 6 6
D. RED, RED, BROWN, SILVER VIOLET 7 7
GRAY 8 8
Answer: Option A WHITE 9 9
GOLD 5%
SILVER 10%
None 10%
Variable Resistor

• Variable resistor consist of a resistance track with connections at both

ends and a wiper which moves along the track as you turn the spindle
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

• An LDR is an input transducer (sensor) which converts brightness

(light) to resistance. The resistance decreases as the brightness of light
falling on the LDR increases.
Capacitors

• Capacitors are circuit components that store electrical charge.

• Capacitors have two conductors separated by an insulator called the
dielectric.
• When there is an electric potential across the capacitor (a difference in
the voltage), electrons cannot flow across the gap; instead, one end
becomes positively charged and the other becomes negatively charged,
and an electric field forms between the conductors.
Capacitors

• Capacitors are circuit components that store electrical charge.

• Capacitors have two conductors separated by an insulator called the dielectric.
• When there is an electric potential across the capacitor (a difference in the voltage),
electrons cannot flow across the gap; instead, one end becomes positively charged
and the other becomes negatively charged, and an electric field forms between the
conductors.
• The symbol for a capacitor is like two plates near one another; this resembles the
construction of basic capacitors.
Inductors

• An inductor is a circuit element that develops a magnetic field as current

flows through it. This field resists and slows the movement of electrons
in the inductor.
• Most inductors consist of coiled wire.
• The symbol for an inductor is like coiled wire.
Semiconductors

• Semiconductors are materials that fall between conductors and

insulators.
• They may act as insulators in some conditions and as conductors in
others.
• Semiconductors can be doped; this is when another substance is added
to the semiconductor to change its properties.
• Donor dopants produce an excess of electrons in the semiconductor.
Semiconductors doped with donors are called n-type.
• Acceptor dopants produce an excess of positive “holes” where there are
no electrons. Semiconductors doped with acceptors are called p-type.
Diodes

• A diode is a circuit element which essentially is a resistor with polarity;

it has a different resistance in one direction than in the other.
• The symbol for a diode looks like an arrow that points in the direction of
current flow. The diode shown below would allow current to flow from
left to right.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

• A Light emitting diode is simply a diode that lights up when current

flows through one direction
Transistors

• Transistors are circuit components made of semiconductors that amplify

and switch currents.
• The terminal that receives current is called the collector.
• The terminal that releases current is called the emitter.
• The terminal that controls whether the transistor is on is called the base.
Voltage Regulator

• Voltage Regulator: A chip that can be powered by a range of voltages but

uses internal circuitry to drop the voltage to output a very stable voltage
(e.g. A “5 V Regulator”). This is handy for providing a constant voltage
to components even when dealing with batteries that can vary in voltage
and circuits that can vary in overall resistance.
IC (Integrated Circuit)

• IC (Integrated Circuit): A silicon chip with many tiny transistors on-

board which can be programmed to make decisions (a microprocessor
chip), to store digital information (a memory chip), to convert digital
input to analog form (DAC), or vice versa (ADC), etc. – connects to
other components through its multiple legs, called pins – be very careful
never to put a chip in backward!
Breadboard

• Breadboard: A board into which components can be plugged and

unplugged, allowing one to build and check circuits without having to
be as permanent as soldering them together.
Battery

• Battery: a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical

energy is converted into electricity and used as a source of power.
Speaker

• A speaker is an electroacoustic transducer that converts an electrical

signal into sound. The speaker moves in accordance with the variations
of an electrical signal and causes sound waves to propagate through a
medium such as air or water.
Buzzer

• Buzzer make a loud noise when connected to a battery. They are often
used as warning devices.
Switches

• A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts electric

current in only one direction.
Motor

• Motor are often used to turn wheels, gears, cams or pulleys. Motors have
two terminals that connect to a battery. The direction of the turning
depends on the way the battery wires are connected to the terminals.
Stepper motors

• Stepper motors are very precise motors that can be made to turn through
an exact number of steps.
Relays

• Relays enable a low voltage circuit to switch on a high voltage or high

current circuit.
Transformer

• A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one

alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing
(stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage.
Thank you