Electrical, Electronic and

Logic Components
Course Code: CMPE 30141
Course Title: Computer Engineering Drafting and Design
Instructor: Engr. Jomer Juan
Electronic Classification

• Passive Components
• It is a classification of electronic component that is used for resistance
of electrical current and storing of electrical charge through a
capacitance

• Active Components
• It is classified as part of the semiconductor devices such as diode,
Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT), Vacuum Tube devices such as Vacuum
tube diode, triode, Tetrode, Pentode, etc.
Resistor

• A resistor is a circuit component which has electrical resistance;

it slows the movement of electrons through it.
• Resistors dissipate electrical energy, converting it to heat.
Resistors in Circuits

• Resistors lower voltage across an active circuit; the voltage on

the positive end will be higher than the voltage on the negative
end.
• The voltage across is a resistor is proportional to the current
flowing through it.
• The symbol for resistors is a zigzagging line. It resembles a type
of resistor called the wire-wrapped resistor, which is wire
wrapped around a ceramic core.
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
COLOR 1ST BAND 2ND BAND 3RD BAND TOLERAN
CE BBROYGBVGW
BLACK 0 0 100
Bad
BROWN 1 1 101
Boys
RED 2 2 102
ORANGE 3 3 103
Race
X Y Z tolerance
YELLOW 4 4 104
Our
105
Young
RESISTOR VALUE = XY * Z ±TOLERANCE GREEN 5 5
Girls
BLUE 6 6 106
VIOLET 7 7 107 But
• 1ST BAND =1ST SIGNIFICANT DIGIT GRAY 8 8 108 Violet
• 2ND BAND = 2ND SIGNIFICANT DIGIT WHITE 9 9 109 Generally
• 3RD BAND = 3RD SIGNIFICANT DIGIT GOLD 5% Wins
• 4TH BAND = TOLERANCE SILVER 10%
None 10%

EXAMPLE: = 22 ∗ 100 with a tolerance of ± 5%

FIND THE RESISTANCE OF THE GIVEN 𝑹 = 𝟐𝟐𝜴 ± 5%
RESISTOR? RED
(2)
RED BLACK
(2) (10^0 )
GOLD
(5%)
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
EXAMPLE: COLOR 1ST BAND 2ND BAND 3RD BAND TOLERAN
CE
FIND THE RESISTANCE OF THE GIVEN BLACK 0 0 100

RESISTOR? BROWN 1 1 101

RED 2 2 102
ORANGE 3 3 103

YELLOW 4 4 104

GREEN 5 5 105
BLUE 6 6 106
VIOLET 7 7 107
GREEN BROWN ORANGE GOLD
(5) (1) (10^3) (5%) GRAY 8 8 108
WHITE 9 9 109
GOLD 5%

= 51 ∗ 103 with a tolerance of ± 5% SILVER 10%

None 10%

𝑹 = 𝟓𝟏𝒌𝜴 ± 5%
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
EXAMPLE: COLOR 1ST BAND 2ND BAND 3RD BAND TOLERAN
CE
What is the color code for a 350 𝜴 5% BLACK 0 0 100

resistor? BROWN 1 1 101

RED 2 2 102
ORANGE 3 3 103

350 𝜴 5% YELLOW

GREEN
4

5
4

5
104

105
BLUE 6 6 106
VIOLET 7 7 107
GRAY 8 8 108
ORANGE WHITE 9 9 109
BROWN GOLD
GOLD 10−1 5%

GREEN SILVER 10−2 10%

None 10%

NOTE: NEVER USE COLOR BLACK AS THE

FIRST COLOR BAND OF THE RESISTOR
RESISTOR COLOR CODING
4TH BAND/
QUESTION: COLOR 1ST BAND 2ND BAND 3RD BAND TOLERAN
CE
What is the color code for a 220 𝜴 5% BLACK 0 0 100

resistor? BROWN 1 1 101

RED 2 2 102
A. RED, RED, BROWN, GOLD ORANGE 3 3 103

B. ORANGE, ORANGE, BLACK, GOLD YELLOW 4 4 104

C. RED, RED, BLACK, GOLD GREEN 5 5 105

D. RED, RED, BROWN, SILVER BLUE 6 6 106

VIOLET 7 7 107

Answer: Option A GRAY 8 8 108

WHITE 9 9 109
GOLD 10−1 5%
SILVER 10−2 10%
None 10%
Variable Resistor

• Variable resistor consist of a resistance track with connections

at both ends and a wiper which moves along the track as you
turn the spindle
Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)

• An LDR is an input transducer (sensor) which converts

brightness (light) to resistance. The resistance decreases as the
brightness of light falling on the LDR increases.
Capacitors

• Capacitors are circuit components that store electrical charge.

• Capacitors have two conductors separated by an insulator called
the dielectric.
• When there is an electric potential across the capacitor (a
difference in the voltage), electrons cannot flow across the gap;
instead, one end becomes positively charged and the other
becomes negatively charged, and an electric field forms between
the conductors.
Capacitors
• Capacitors are circuit components that store electrical charge.
• Capacitors have two conductors separated by an insulator called the
dielectric.
• When there is an electric potential across the capacitor (a difference in the
voltage), electrons cannot flow across the gap; instead, one end becomes
positively charged and the other becomes negatively charged, and an
electric field forms between the conductors.
• The symbol for a capacitor is like two plates near one another; this
resembles the construction of basic capacitors.
Inductors

• An inductor is a circuit element that develops a magnetic field as

current flows through it. This field resists and slows the
movement of electrons in the inductor.
• Most inductors consist of coiled wire.
• The symbol for an inductor is like coiled wire.
Semiconductors

• Semiconductors are materials that fall between conductors and

insulators.
• They may act as insulators in some conditions and as conductors
in others.
• Semiconductors can be doped; this is when another substance is
added to the semiconductor to change its properties.
• Donor dopants produce an excess of electrons in the
semiconductor. Semiconductors doped with donors are called n-
type.
• Acceptor dopants produce an excess of positive “holes” where
there are no electrons. Semiconductors doped with acceptors
are called p-type.
Diodes

• A diode is a circuit element which essentially is a resistor with

polarity; it has a different resistance in one direction than in the
other.
• The symbol for a diode looks like an arrow that points in the
direction of current flow. The diode shown below would allow
current to flow from left to right.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)

• A Light emitting diode is simply a diode that lights up when

current flows through one direction
Transistors

• Transistors are circuit components made of semiconductors that

amplify and switch currents.
• The terminal that receives current is called the collector.
• The terminal that releases current is called the emitter.
• The terminal that controls whether the transistor is on is called
the base.
Voltage Regulator

• Voltage Regulator: A chip that can be powered by a range of

voltages but uses internal circuitry to drop the voltage to output
a very stable voltage (e.g. A “5 V Regulator”). This is handy for
providing a constant voltage to components even when dealing
with batteries that can vary in voltage and circuits that can vary
in overall resistance.
IC (Integrated Circuit)

• IC (Integrated Circuit): A silicon chip with many tiny transistors

on-board which can be programmed to make decisions (a
microprocessor chip), to store digital information (a memory
chip), to convert digital input to analog form (DAC), or vice versa
(ADC), etc. – connects to other components through its multiple
legs, called pins – be very careful never to put a chip in
backward!
Breadboard

• Breadboard: A board into which components can be plugged and

unplugged, allowing one to build and check circuits without
having to be as permanent as soldering them together.
Battery

• Battery: a container consisting of one or more cells, in which

chemical energy is converted into electricity and used as a
source of power.
Speaker

• A speaker is an electroacoustic transducer that converts an

electrical signal into sound. The speaker moves in accordance
with the variations of an electrical signal and causes sound
waves to propagate through a medium such as air or water.
Buzzer

• Buzzer make a loud noise when connected to a battery. They are

often used as warning devices.
Switches

• A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts

electric current in only one direction.
Motor

• Motor are often used to turn wheels, gears, cams or pulleys.

Motors have two terminals that connect to a battery. The
direction of the turning depends on the way the battery wires are
connected to the terminals.
Stepper motors

• Stepper motors are very precise motors that can be made to

turn through an exact number of steps.
Relays

• Relays enable a low voltage circuit to switch on a high voltage or

high current circuit.
Transformer

• A transformer is a device that transfers electric energy from one

alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either
increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage.
Thank you