Theoretical Driving Course (TDC)

For Student-driver’s Permit Applicants

Subject No. 5

HANDLING EMERGENCIES
and BREAKDOWNS
Subject Code: TDC-15-S-05
 Handling Emergencies and Breakdowns

Topic Outline:

1. Emergency Situations and Procedures

2. Road Crash
3. First Aid for Road Crash Victims
Emergency Situations
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

TIRE BLOWOUT

 Don’t brake.
 Look to your target or escape area
and pull over to the side of the road.
 Turn on hazard lights and properly
placed Early Warning Device (EWD) https://philkotse.com/safe-driving/driving-on-a-flat-tire-signs-warnings-tricks-for-pinoy-drivers-4366
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

LOSS OF BRAKE
 Aim to the target or escape area.
 Release the accelerator.
 Control steering.
 Downshift. Do not switch off the engine.
 Use parking brake, keep the release Source: google images

lever open and use it as a brake.

 Use soft crash area if necessary.

A brake failure can be a complete loss of brakes or only

power brake failure.
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES
ENGINE OVERHEAT

 Excess Heat Can Damage the Engine.

 Monitor your vehicle’s temperature, radiator hoses

and coolant level.

 STOP THE VEHICLE but avoid switching off the

engine.
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES
ENGINE OVERHEAT
 Cool the Engine:
 Let the engine idle.
 Open the hood then continuously pour water on the fins of radiator. Do not
pour water on the engine.
 Add coolant if there is no leak and the engine is back to normal operating
temperature.
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

ENGINE FIRE
 Steer out of traffic, away from
buildings, people, and other cars.
 Have all occupants leave the car
immediately and move away.
 Do not open the hood.
 Turn off the ignition then get out https://giphy.com/explore/mo-fire-rides

quickly.
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

SKID & TRACTION LOSS

 Look – Where you want to go.
 Steer – Where you want to go.
 Off pedals – Release the brake or accelerator
to maintain rolling traction.
 Never give up - Maintain constant attention to
steering until the vehicle is back under control.
Use trail braking if needed.
Note: Never take off your hands on the steering wheel
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

POOR VISIBILITY
 Drive with lights on low beam
 Slow down and do not turn on the hazard lights
 Signal Turns
 Reduce Distractions
 Use Clean Wipers
 Stop at a safe place and turn on hazard lights Source: google images

Note: Avoid using white headlight

 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

 Stay calm and check for injuries.

 Keep safety first and find out your location if anyone is
injured, call PNP hotline (117) or Red Cross hotline (143)
immediately.
 Be prepared before it happens. Always bring your emergency
kit in your car.
First aid kit
Flashlight
Early Warning Device
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS AND PROCEDURES

 Photograph and document the road crash scene.

 The Incident
 Involved Parties
 Witnesses
 Police Officers

 Check for injured or unconscious passengers. Move them out

of the vehicle to a safe place away from oncoming traffic.
 If injuries have occurred like cuts, abrasions etc.,administer
first aid procedures if possible.
 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES

Stop on a safe place ……

Oil light on. Check the oil level and add oil. This warning may come
from malfunctioning pump or oil leaking.
Brake light on. Check if hand brake is engaged or check for brake
fluid leak. Call for a mechanic.
Battery/Alternator warning light on. Check the battery connection.
Check alternator belt. Call for auto electrician.

Temperature warning light on. Switch off the aircon. Check for
water leak. Pour water on radiator fins (if no water leak) but do not
switch off the engine. Wait until temperature cools down.
 SCHOOL BUS SAFETY
School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to:

• Be at the loading zone 5 minutes before the

Getting On the Bus
arrival of the bus. Never run to or from the bus.
• Wait at a designated stop in a safe place.
• Never stand in the danger zone that surrounds
the school service. The danger zone is anywhere
close enough to touch the school service.
• Never cross the street to get on the service,
always wait until it has come to a complete stop.
• Hold the handrail when getting on. Do not push
or shove.
 SCHOOL BUS SAFETY
School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to:
• Sit properly.
Riding the Bus
• Place bags and belongings under the seat or lap.
• Keep the aisle clear.
• Keep hands and arms inside the vehicle.
• Not to throw trash/objects inside or outside of the vehicle.
• Behave and be quiet.
• Avoid playing and bullying while inside the service.
• Participate in all bus evacuation procedures.
• Refrain from eating or drinking inside the vehicle.
• Always follow the bus driver’s instructions
 SCHOOL BUS SAFETY
School service driver and conductor should train and educate the Students to:

Getting Off the Bus
• Remain in the seat until the bus comes to a complete
stop.
• Hold the handrail and take two large steps away from
the bus when leaving. To cross the street in front of
the bus, walk ahead at least ten giant steps (three
meters). Cross only when the driver gives a signal.
Proceed across the street, looking both ways for
oncoming traffic. Cross the street in single file.
• Allow people sitting at the front to leave first. Do not
push.
• Tell an adult if something is dropped near the bus.
• WALK, Don’t run.
Road Crash
 ROAD CRASH

It is a road incident involving

one or more motor vehicle
occurring on a public road
that usually results in death,
physical injuries, and damage
to property.

Source: google images

 ROAD CRASH

Factors of Road Crash

• Human Factor (Road Users)

• Machine / Motor Vehicle Factor

• Engineering / Infrastructure Factor

 ROAD CRASH
DRIVERS
PASSENGERS
MOTORCYCLISTS

PEDESTRIANS

CYCLISTS

BYSTANDERS & HAWKERS

 ROAD CRASH
STOP. Never drive away from
the scene even a minor one.
Source: google images
Protect the Scene and Assess Safety. Use
Early Warning Devices and turn on your hazard
lights so that you can be more visible and move
the vehicles involved out of the traffic lanes, if
possible.
Call for Help. It is a good idea to call
a police and ambulance immediately
if anyone is hurt or if the road is
blocked.
Make an Accurate Record. When a
police or ambulance arrive, make sure
you tell exactly what happened and if there
are any injured driver or passengers.
FIRST AID
 WHAT IS FIRST AID ?

First and immediate treatment that is given to

the victim of a road crash or sudden illness
before any medical help arrives.
 FIRST AID TIPS

1. Attend to anyone who is not yet walking and talking.

2. If any of the vehicle is on fire, remove all occupants

and make sure everyone is well clear.

3. Do not remove the injured unless they are in burning

car or other immediate danger. Unnecessary moving
often makes injuries worse.
 FIRST AID TIPS

4. If knowledgeable, check for breathing and apply

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if needed.
5. Call a doctor or ambulance for serious and
physical injuries.

6. Do not attempt to give first aid unless you have

been trained in it.
 NOTICE

SOME INFORMATIONS and PICTURES PRESENTED

IN THIS WERE TAKEN and DOWNLOADED FROM THE
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ALL INFORMATION ARE FOR EDUCATIONAL
PURPOSES ONLY. NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT.