FUZZY LOGIC TECHNOLOGY

-TO ACHIEVE CONTROL BASED ON ANTI-LOCK

BREAKING SYSTEM FUZZY LOGIC

PRESENTED BY

DAVID
197R1A0573
Contents
 Anti-lock Braking System
 Why do we need ABS?
 Components
 Working
 Fuzzy Logic
 The Fuzzy-ABS Algorithm
 Advantages And Disadvantages of ABS
 Conclusion

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Anti-Lock Breaking System(ABS)
 ABS is a safety system which prevents the wheels on a
motor vehicle from locking up (or Skidding) while
braking.
 ABS prevent vehicle from skidding when applied brakes
in any road condition keeping the vehicle speed and wheel
speed at a same level.
 It helps the driver to head the nose of the vehicle to a
desired location even when full brakes are applied.
 ABS offers improved vehicle control and decreases
stopping distances on dry and especially slippery surfaces.
 The aim of an ABS is to decelerate the vehicle in the best
possible manner i.e. to Minimize the braking distance
while maintaining the Stability.

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 Why do we need ABS?
 Stopping a car in a hurry on a slippery road can be
very challenging.When you apply brakes on such
road vehicle has a greater chance of getting skidded.
If the vehicle starts to skid, there is no way to control
the nose direction using the steering wheel.
 The main disadvantage of ordinary brakes is that
these brakes are imprecise and the vehicle is difficult
to control. Locking of brake can be caused due to the
high brake pressure applied. The wheel lockup
causes instability of the vehicle.
 Anti-lock Brake improves the controllability of
vehicles in compare with brake systems lacking ABS
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 Components Of ABS
 The 4 main
components of
ABS
A. The Speed Sensor
B. The Controller
C. The Hydraulic Unit
With Pressure
Releasing Valves
D. The Brake Pipe

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 Speed Sensor: The anti-lock braking system
needs some way of knowing when a wheel is about
to lock up. The speed sensors, which are located at
each wheel, or in some cases in the differential,
provide this information.

 Valves: They work with the controller and the

pump to add or release pressure from the individual
wheels brakes to control the braking

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 Pump:
Since the valve is able to release pressure
from the brakes, there has to be some
way to put that pressure back. That is
what the pump does; when a valve
reduces the pressure in a line, the pump
is there to get the pressure back up.

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 Controller: The controller is an ECU type unit
in the car which receives information from each
individual wheel speed sensor, in turn if a
wheel loses traction the signal is sent to the
controller, the controller will then limit the
brakeforce and actuates the braking valves on
and off.

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 Fuzzy Logic!
Fuzzy logic is a mathematical technique for
dealing with imprecise data and problems that
have many solutions rather than one. Although it
is implemented in digital computers which
ultimately makes yes-no decisions, fuzzy logic
works with ranges of values, solving problems in
a way that more resembles human logic.
 FUZZIFICATION - The crisp input has to be
converted to a fuzzy number.
 DEFUZZIFICATION- It is the process of
producing a quantifiable result in fuzzy logic.
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Flow chart showing the control of the
ABS
Vehicle Wheel Wheel
Velocity Slip Speed

Fuzzy Interference Wheel

System Acceleraton

Brake
Actuator

Pressure
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 As a result of two fuzzy variables, each of them
having seven labels, 49 different conditions are
possible. The rule base is complete that means,
all 49 rules are formulated and all 49 conditions
are allowed.
 The two fuzzy input values slip and wheel

acceleration can be mapped to the fuzzy output

value pressure. The labels for this value are:
Pressure = {positive fast, positive slow, zero, negative
slow, negative fast}

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 The Fuzzy-ABS Algorithm
 The Fuzzy-Controller uses two input values: the wheel
slip SB:

and the wheel acceleration:

 The input variables are transformed into fuzzy variables

slip and wheel acceleration by the fuzzification process.
Both variables use seven linguistic values, the slip
variable is described by the terms
Slip = {zero, very small, too small, smaller than optimum,
optimum, too large, very large},
and the acceleration by
dvwheel/dt = {negative large, negative medium, negative
small, negative few, zero, positive small, positive large}.
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Membership Functions

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 Advantages of Abs
 Reduce Accidents
 Stopping on slippery roads
 Better control while emergency braking
 improve steering in an evasive maneuver
 Increased tyre life
 Lower insurance costs

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 Disadvantages of ABS

 Unfortunately, ABS brakes do not make a

vehicle stop quicker
 Expense
 Inconsistent stop times
 Delicate systems

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 CONCLUSION
Fuzzy ABS has reduced the percentage of road
crashes by a considerable amount. Experts
predict that 35% to 50% of all cars built
worldwide in five years will have ABS as
standard equipment. Though it has many
advantages, there are few disadvantages such
as increased braking distance in snow/icy
regions at present. These drawbacks can be
overcome in future by fuzzy controlled ABS.
So, next time buy a vehicle with ABS
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Thank you

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