NATIONAL VECTOR BORNE DISEASE

CONTROL PROGRAMME
Dr pannaga kn
intern hims
Vector borne diseases include

■ Malaria
■ filariasis
■ japanese encephalitis
■ dengue
■ chikungunya
Strategy for prevention and control of
VBDs
■ management including early case detection and complete treatment, strengthening of referral
services, epidemic preparedness and rapid response
■ Integrated vector management (IVM) for transmission risk reduction including indoor residual
spraying in selected high-risk areas, use of insecticide treated bed-nets, use of larvivorous fish,
antilarval measures in urban areas, source reduction and minor environmental engineering
■ Supportive interventions including behaviour change communication (BCC), public private
partnership and inter-sectoral convergence, human resource development through capacity
building, operational research including studies on drug resistance and insecticide
susceptibility, monitoring and evaluation through periodic reviews,field visits, web based
management information system, vaccination against JE and annual mass drug administration
against lymphatic filariasis
National Framework for Malaria Elimination
in india
Goals
■ Eliminate malaria (zero indigenous cases) throughout the entire
country by 2030.
■ Maintain malaria-free status in areas where malaria
transmission has been interrupted and prevent reintroduction of
malaria.
Each district should stratify its PHCs and sub-centres
(with their population) into the following five strata

■ Zero cases
■ API 0 to 1
■ API 1 to 2
■ API 2 to 5
■ API ≥5
key interventions recommended for each
category of states are
Category 3 (Intensified control phase: States/Uts with API ≥1)
1. Screening of all fever cases suspected for malaria.
2. Classification of areas as per local malaria epidemiology and grading of areas as per risk of
malaria transmission followed by implementation of tailored interventions
3. Special interventions for high-risk groups such as tribal populations and populations residing in
hard to reach area
4. One-stop centres or mobile clinics on fixed days in tribal to provide malaria diagnosis and
treatment, and increasing community awareness with the involvement of other agencies and
service providers as required.
5. Timely referral and treatment of severe malaria
6. Equipping all health institutions with microscopy and RDTs for emergency use and injectable
artemisinin derivatives for treatment of severe malaria
Category 2 (Pre-elimination phase: States/Uts with
API 1, but some of their districts reporting API ≥1)

■ The states/UTs in pre-elimination phase are those close to entering the elimination
phase. Therefore, malaria elimination interventions will be introduced with particular
focus on setting up an elimination surveillance system and initiating elimination phase
activities in those districts where the API has been reduced to less than 1 case per 1000
population at risk per year.
Category 1 (Elimination phase: States/Uts with
API<1. and all their districts reporting API < 1)
■ Mandatory notification of each case of malaria from the private sector, other organized government
sectors or any other health facility.
■ Investigation and classification of all foci of malaria.
■ A strict total coverage of all active foci by effective vector control measures.
■ Early detection and treatment of all cases of malaria by means of ACD or PCD to prevent onward
transmission.
■ Ensuring rigorous quality assurance of all medicines and diagnostics
■ During investigation of foci, all suspected cases of malaria are to be screened for malaria. These could
include household members, neighbours. School children, workplace colleagues and relatives.
■ Surveillance of special groups, migrant populations or populations residing in the vicinity of industrial
areas
Category 0 (prevention of re-
establishment phase)
■ Apply rapid curative and preventive measure
■ Notify immediately all detected cases of malaria.
■ Detect any reintroduced case of malaria
■ Maintain malaria free status in these area
Lymphatic filariasis

The strategy of lymphatic filariasis elimination is through

1. Annual Mass Drug Administration of single dose of antifilarial drug for 5 years or
more to the eligible population (except pregnant women, children below 2 years of age
and seriously ill persons) to interrupt transmission of the disease.
2. Home based management of lymphoedema cases and upscaling hydrocele operations in
CHC/ district hospital
3. Microfilaria survey is being done through night blood survey before MDA .Survey is
done in 4 sentinel and 4 random sites collecting total 4000 slides
KALA-AZAR

The strategies for Kala-azar elmination are

■ Enhanced case detection, and complete treatment including introduction of rapid
diagnostic kits and oral drug Miltefosine for treatment of Kala-azar cases
■ Interruption of transmission through vector control.
■ Monitoring , supervision and evaluation
■ Active case search are carried out during a fortnight during which peripheral health
workers and volunteers are engaged to make door to door search and refer the cases
conforming to case definition of kala- azar to treatment centre for definitive diagnosis
and treatment.
■ Incentive amount of Rs 300 is provided to ASHA for identifying the case
■ Rs 100 for ensuring one round and Rs 200 for two rounds of insecticide spraying.
■ Rs 500 as compensation of daily wage for the time he spends in hospital during the
treatment of kala-azar and Rs.2000 for PKDL
Japanese encephalitis

Strategies
■ JE vaccination for children between 1 to 15 yrs of age
■ Health education through different media and interpersonal communication
■ Keeping pigs away from human dwellings particularly during dusk to dawn
which is biting time of vector mosquitoes.
■ Use of clothes fully to avoid mosquito bites
■ Use of bed nets
Dengue fever

Steps for prevention and control

1. Surveillance: Disease and entomological surveillance.
2. Case mangement: Laboratory diagnosis and clinicallmanagement.
3. Vector management Environmental management for source reduction, chemical control, personal protection and
legislation.
4. Outbreak response: Epidemic preparedness andmedia management.
5. Capacity building Training, strengthening human resource and operational research.
6. Behavioural change communication Social mobilization, and information, education and communication (IEC).
7. Inter-sectoral coordination: with ministries of urban development, rural development, panchayath raj,surface
transport and education sector.
8. Monitoring and supervision :Analysis of reports, review, field visit and feed-back.
Thank you