COLLISION THEORY

CHEMICAL REACTION HAVE BEEN A PART OF

THIS WORLD EVER SINCE EVERTHING BEGAN.
FROM BIG BAG TO PREST DAY, EVERYTHING
HAPPENING AROUND US HAS SOMETHING TO DO
WITH CHEMICAL PROCESSES CHEMICAL
REACTION ARE PROCESSES ,LIKE
RESPIRATION ,CORROSION AND FERMENTATION .
THE COLLISION THEORY

• All substance are comparised if millions of tiny particle in constant motion.

These particle are colliding with each other constantly in any substance.all
collision between particle do not result in a reaction. There are two factors
that determine whether a reaction will occur between two particles that are
colliding:
•Substance or particle of reactants must
physically collide enough energy
•Substance or particle must come into contact
or collide in the correct orientation (facing
the correct way)
The collision theory states that
reacting substances must come into
contact (collide) with enough activation
energy in the correct orientation
(facing the correct way) so that their
electron shells ca re arrange to form a
products of the reaction their for any
factors which change the frequency of
energy of the collision will change the
rate of the reaction
 WHAT IS
CHEMICAL REACTION?
WHEN TWO PARTICLES
COLLIDE,SOMETIME
. A CHEMICAL
REACTION CAN OCCUR, WHICH MEANS
THE BONT BETWEEN TWO OR MORE
PARTICLE ARE BROKEN AND
REFORMED,CREATING ONE OR MORE
PARTICLE THAT ENTER AND IS
CHANGED IN THE CHEMICAL REACTION
ARE CALLED REACTANTS AND THE
SUBSTANCE THAT ARE FORMED ARE
H2 Molecules O2 Molecules
They just bounce off together
but….
CHEMICA
L
REACTIO
N
 FACTORS
AFFECTING THE
RATE OF
REACTION
 ACTIVATION ENERGY
Theactivation energy refers to the minimum energy
required for a reaction to take place. When a
collision provides energy equal to a grater than
activation energy, product can form. On the other
hand, if the particles have energy that is less than the
activation energy, is not effected and they just
bounce off each other uncharged.
 What is activation energy?

Activation energy(Ea) is a minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.

Accordimg to the collision theory nessesary

1.Particle mus be collide conditions with correct orientation

2.Particles should have sufficient energy
To break existing bonds and form a new ones.

Correct orientation Wrong orientation Insuffiecient energy

Sufficient energy
 Product to form a new bond

energy
Over all
reaction changes

products
Reaction energy
Activation energy is the potential energy barrier that
separates reactants from product.

For example
HO +CH3 Br +
[HO---CH3---Br] CH3OH +BR
CH3 Br breaks
CH3-OH
New bond form
CH3-
Activation energy = energy of activated complex – energy reactants
 Activation energy
Low activation energy using a catalyst
ENERGY

reactants

Overall change in
energy(AH)

Product

REACTION PROGRESS
EFFECT OF TEMPERTURE

Ea
FRACTION COLLISION

t1
Creation fraction with
enough
T2>T1 energy to react

COLLISION ENERGY
 According to :
Svante arrhenius
Activation energy
K= A e - Ea

R
t
Average kinetic energy

Arrhenius eqation is extersively use to determine activation energy

 The dependence of the rate of reaction in temperature can be observe in our home .
as:
BREAD
Rises faster in warm environment because the chemical Solution:
reaction inside yest increase at high temperatures. The athenenius equation is

Example
Log k=equal to log A- Ea
The rate constant for the first order
decomposition of certain reaction is describe 2.303RT
by the equation
4 4
log K=14.34_125x10 K Log K=14.34 1.25x10 k
T T
4
1.25x10 = Ea
2.303RT
• what is the energy of the
activation for the reaction? Ea =239.33kJ mol -J
• At what temperature will
ist half life period be 256
minutes?
Solution
4
Half life=256 minutes Log K =1.25x10 K
For the first order reaction
T
In2 4
1.25x10 =14.34-log4.5x10
-5

K= T1/2
T=1.25X10
= 669K
K= o.693 -5 16.68
= 4.5x10 5-1
256x6
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE REFERS TO HOW COLD OR HOT A CERTAIN
SUBSTANCE IS. USAUALLY A RISE IN TEMPERATURE OF 10
DEGREE C DOUBLES THE REACTION RATE. THE RATE OF A
CHEMICAL REACTION INCREASES WITH INCREASING
TEMPERATURE AS THE TEMPERATURE INCREASES,
COLLISION BETWEEN ATOM AND MOLECULES BECOMES
FASTER RESULTING TO BUILD UP OF MORE ENERGY THE
INCREASING OF KINETIC ENERGY WILL EQUAL TO
EXCEED THE ACTIVATION ENERGY RESULTING TO MORE
CONCENTRATION
THE RATE OF THE CHEMICAL REACTION IS AFFECTED BY THE
CONCENTRATION OF REACTING SUBSTANCES. THE TERM
CONCENTRATION REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES PRESENT IN A
GIVING VOLUME OF A SOLUTION .CONCENTRATION MEANS A MEASURE
OF HOW MUCH OF THE SOLUTE IS DESSOLVED IN A SOLVENT TO FORM A
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE. SO AHIGHER CONCENTRATION MEANS
THERE IS A MORE THAN A SOLUTE IN THE SOLUTION. IF THE
CONCENTRATION IS REACTANT IS INCREASING THE RATE OF
REACTION ALSO INCREASES. WHEN THE NUMBER OF PARTICLES OF THE
REACTANT IS INCREASING THERE IS A GREAT CHANCE FOR PARTICLES
TO COLLIDE.
SURFACE AREA AND
PARTICLE SIZE
SURFACE AREA IS THE MEASURE OF HOW MUCH
EXPOSED AREA IS A SOLID OBJECT HAS, EXPRESSED IN
SQUARE UNITS. IN A REACTION BETWEEN A SOLID AND
LIQUID, THE MORE FINELY DIVIDED A SOLID IS, THE
FASTER IS THE RATER OF REACTION. LIKEWISE AS
YOUR POWDERED A SOLID ,ITS SURFACE ARE BECOME
GREATER, THUS THE PARTICLE HAVE A HIGHER
CHANCE OF COLLIDING AND FASTER REACTION
HAPPENS.
 THAT’S ALL
FORDA THANK U