The Stuarts,Charles I and The •Made by:

Great Fire •Antoniu Vlad

•Cristea Antonio
•Gligan Sergiu Iulian
 • The Stuarts were the first kings of the United
Kingdom. King James VI of Scotland became also
King James I of England, thus combining the two
thrones for the first time.
• The Stuart dynasty reigned in England and Scotland
from 1603 to 1714, a period which saw a
flourishing Court culture but also much upheaval
The Stuarts and instability, of plague, fire and war.
• It was an age of intense religious debate and radical
politics. Both contributed to a bloody civil war in
the mid-seventeenth century between Crown and
Parliament (the Cavaliers and the Roundheads),
resulting in a parliamentary victory for Oliver
Cromwell and the dramatic execution of King
Charles I.

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 The Stuarts
• There was a short-lived republic, the only time that the country had
experienced such an event.
• The Restoration of the Crown was soon followed by another 'Glorious'
Revolution. William and Mary of Orange ascended the throne as joint
monarchs and defenders of Protestantism, followed by Queen Anne, the
second of James II's daughters.
• The prospect of end of the Stuart line, with the death of Queen Anne's
only surviving child in 1700, led to the drawing up of the Act of Settlement
in 1701, which provided that only Protestants could hold the throne.
• The next in line according to the provisions of this act was George Elector
of Hanover, yet Stuart Princes remained in the wings. The Stuart legacy
was to linger on in the form of claimants to the Crown for another century

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 Charles I
• Charles I, (born November 19,
1600, Dunfermline Palace, Fife, Scotland—died January
30, 1649, London, England), king of Great Britain
and Ireland (1625–49), whose authoritarian rule and
quarrels with Parliament provoked a civil war that led to
his execution.
• Charles was the second surviving son of James VI
of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. He was a sickly child,
and, when his father became king of England in March
1603 (see James I), he was temporarily left behind in
Scotland because of the risks of the journey. Devoted to
his elder brother, Henry, and to his sister, Elizabeth, he
became lonely when Henry died (1612) and his sister left
England in 1613 to marry Frederick V, elector of the
Rhine Palatinate.

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Conflict with Parliament

• In March 1625, Charles I became king and married Henrietta Maria soon afterward.
When his first Parliament met in June, trouble immediately arose because of the general
distrust of Buckingham, who had retained his ascendancy over the new king. The Spanish
war was proving a failure and Charles offered Parliament no explanations of his foreign
policy or its costs. Moreover, the Puritans, who advocated extemporaneous prayer and
preaching in the Church of England, predominated in the House of Commons, whereas
the sympathies of the king were with what came to be known as the High Church Party,
which stressed the value of the prayer book and the maintenance of ritual. Thus
antagonism soon arose between the new king and the Commons, and Parliament
refused to vote him the right to levy tonnage and poundage (customs duties) except on
conditions that increased its powers, though this right had been granted to previous
monarchs for life.

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The Great Fire
• Back in the 1660s, people were not as aware of the dangers of fire as they are
today. Buildings were made of timber – covered in a flammable substance
called pitch, roofed with thatch – and tightly packed together with little regard for
planning. About 350,000 people lived in London just before the Great Fire, it was
one of the largest cities in Europe.
• Homes arched out over the street below, almost touching in places, and the city
was buzzing with people. Lots of animals lived London too – there were no cars,
buses or lorries back then – so as well as houses, the city was full of sheds and
yards packed high with flammable hay and straw.
• Following a long, dry summer the city was suffering a drought. Water was scarce
and the wooden houses had dried out, making them easier to burn... it was a recipe
for disaster.
Samuel Pepys
observed first hand...
• Samuel Pepys, a man who lived at the
time, kept a diary that has been well
preserved – you can read it in full here.
He was a Clerk to the Royal Navy
who observed the fire. He recommended
to the King that buildings were pulled
down – many thought it was the only way
to stop the fire.
• The Mayor was ordered to use fire hooks
to pull-down burning buildings but the
fire continued to spread. People forced to
evacuate their homes chose to bury or
hide what valuables they couldn't carry.
Pepys himself buried his expensive
cheese and wine, and carted his other
belongings off to Bethnal Green. 
Bibliograph • https://www.royal.uk/stuarts#:~:text=The%
20Stuarts%20were%20the%20first%20kings
%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom.&text
=The%20Stuart%20dynasty%20reigned%20i
y n,of%20plague%2C%20fire%20and%20war
.
• https://www.london-fire.gov.uk/museum/hi
story-and-stories/the-great-fire-of-london/
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Cha
rles-I-king-of-Great-Britain-and-Ireland