Mixed Method Research

Mixed methods is a type research in which a researcher

or team of researchers combines elements of qualitative
and quantitative research approaches (e.g., use of
qualitative and quantitative viewpoints, data collection,
analysis, inference techniques) for the purposes of
breadth and depth of understanding and corroboration
(Johnson, Onwuegbuzie ang Turner, 2007)

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 Kenapa harus mixed methods ?
Memperjelas dan menjelaskan hubungan yang ditemukan antara variable

Tujuan dari mixed metods

Complementary

Completness

Development
 Kelemahan dari Mixed
Methods

1. Memakan waktu dan biaya yang lebih

2. Memiliki keahlian 2 metode yaitu kualitatif dan

kuantitatif
 Explanatory Sequential Design

The general aim of this approach is to futher explain the

Overview phenomenon under study qualitatively or to explore the findings of
the quantitative study in more depth (Tashakkori and Taddie, 2010)

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 Basic Design of Mixed Methods Research

Explanatory
sequential
design

Timing Mixing Weighing

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 Timing
Two-Phases Research
Design

Quantitative Results Qualitative

connected to Interpretatio
Data Collection Data Collection
and explained n
and Analysis and Analysis
by

Creswell & Plano Clark

(2011)

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 4 Sequential Steps

1. Design and implement the quantitative strand (state Quantity RQ & Quant,
Approach)
2. Use strategies to connect from the quantitative results (state which results will be
explained, i.e. significant result, nonsignificant result, etc. then design qual
protocols)
3. Desogn and implement the qualitative strand (state qual RQ, qual samples that help
explain quan result. Analyse qual)
4. Interpret the connected results (discuss how qual result explain quan result)
Creswell & Plano Clark
(2011))

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 Mixing

Two point of integration

1. Between the quantitative data analysis in the first phase and the qualitative data
collection in the second phase.
2. At the end of the qualitative analysis in the second phase. The researcher integrates
two sets of connected results. The conclusion shows how the qualitative research
explains the quantitative results.

Creswell and Plano Clark (2018)

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 Exploratory Sequential Design

Exploratory Sequential Design are useful when “measures or

instrument are not available, the variables are unknown, or there is no
guiding framework or theory”
(Creswell and Plano Clark, 2007)

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 Basic Design of Mixed Methods Research

Exploratory
sequential
design

Timing Mixing Weighing

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 (Timing))

Interpretation

Results Quantitative
connected to Mesure,
and build to Instrument,
Intervention Tested or
Qualitative Data applied by
Collection and
Analysis

The qualitative data is first collected and analyzed, and themes are used to drive the development of a
quantitative instrument to further explore the research problem (Creswell and Plano Clark 2011 :
Onwuegbuzie, Bustamante, and Nelson 2010)
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 4 Sequential Steps

1. Design and implement the qualitative strand (state Qual RQ & set qual Approach.
Analyse qual data & identify the information needed to inform the 2 phase)
2. Use strategies to build on the qualitative results (Design & pilot test quan data
based on qual result)
3. Design and implement the quantitative strand (state quan RQ & hypothesis.
Analyse quan data using descriptive, inferential statistics)
4. Interpret the connected results (Discuss how quan results generalise or test the
qual results)

Creswell and Plano Clark

(2011)

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 Mixing

Two point of integration

1. The actual integration is from the qualitative results to the development of the
quantitative phase
2. At the end of the quantitative phase, the researcher integrates two sets of
connected results and draws integrated conclusion on how the quantitative results
build on the qualitative informed instruments

Creswell and Plano Clark

(2018)

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THE TRIANGULATION DESIGN/Convergent Paralel Design.
Continu…

The researcher :
 Collects quantitative and qualitative data concurrently
 Analyzes the two data sets separately
 Mixes the two databases by merging the results during
interpretation (and sometimes during data analysis)
Purposes of the Triangulation design

 Obtain a more complete understanding from two databases

 Corroborate results from different methods
 Compare multiple levels within a system
When to use the Triangulation design

Choose this design if :

 Need to collect both types of data in one visit to the field

 Both types of data have equal value for understanding the research
problem
 Have quantitative and qualitative research skills
 Can manage extensive data collection activities individually or with a team
Steps in the process of conducting a
mixed method studies
 Develop a Clear Rationale for Doing a Mixed-Methods Study
 Develop Research Questions for Both the Qualitative and Quantitative Methods.
 Decide If a Mixed-Methods Study Is Feasible
 Determine the Mixed-Methods Design Most Appropriate to the Research
Question or Questions.
 Collect and Analyze the Data.
 Write Up the Results in a Manner Consistent with the Design Being Use
Evaluating a Mixed-Methods Study
Researchers have to ask :
 both qualitative and quantitative data played a role in the conclusions
reached.
 the study contains threats to internal validity (as quantitative researchers
refer to it) or credibility (as qualitative researchers refer to it)
 about the generalizability (as quantitative researchers refer to it) or
transferability (as qualitative researchers refer to it) of the results
THANK YOU