Alpha Breathing

1 minute

Breathe in, Breathe out and Hold for 8 times

 Recap and review
of previous class
4 minutes

Recap to be done by students through

question and answer session and not by
faculty.
 DNA-GOLD
NANOPARTICLE
CONJUGATION
 Evocation
3 minutes

Introducing the topic for the class through a

picture or video or animation or
brainstorming or by poking the students. It
can even be a case study.
General Objective
1 min

Students will be able to learn

about DNA functionalized gold
particle.
Specific Objective 1
(mapped with STEM)

Students will be able to

understand the synthesis of
DNA functionalized Au NPs
Chemical Synthesis of Gold nanoparticles
Discussed in the following video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QorK2X7GsVU

Tiny treasure- Gold nanoparticles

DNA fundamentals
Scheme 2. Schematic representation of nucleotide base-pair formation
Conjugation
• AuNPs have a relatively inert surface but can be easily conjugated to biomolecules
by covalent linkage via the sulfur atom in a thiol. Therefore, thiolcapped DNA
oligos have been popular for constructing AuNP– DNA conjugates.
• Most DNA–AuNPs conjugations are accomplished through Au-S bonding.
• This can take place by using DNA modified with a mercapto group in its 5’- or 3’-end.
• The first research utilizing functionalized DNA–AuNPs was demonstrated by Mirkin
et al. They designed two types of AuNPs, each conjugated with different single-
stranded oligonucleotides that are complementary to each other.
• Based on the hybridization of the two oligonucleotides, assembly of the AuNPs leads
to aggregation-induced emission in the red as a signal output.
• This approach provides a limit of detection down to the nanomolar level for DNA
detection, even with a resolution to recognize a single base mismatch.
• The stability and hybridization efficiency of DNA–AuNPs depend highly on the
surface density of DNA.
• At low surface density, DNA tends to form flat structures on the surfaces of AuNPs,
leading to poor stability and loss of recognition.
• On the other hand, when DNA density on the AuNPs surface is too high, loss in
biological function might occur as a result of steric effects.
BRAIN TEASER
Specific Objective 2
(mapped with STEM)

Students will able to

understand the significance
and its application
Biomedical Applications
1. Cellular Uptake and Transport of DNA– AuNPs :DNA– AuNPs allow better oligo
sensing at the cellular level
2. Anticoagulation Aptamer–AuNPs : anti-thrombin activity
3. Anticancer Aptamer–AuNPs
4. Antimicrobial

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1y1uO6Hvk0