Manajemen Klasik sampai

Humanistik

Oleh: Dr. Kuncoro Hadi, M.Si

Prodi Manajemen
Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis
 Classical Perspective
• The early study of management.
• 19th – late 20th Century
- Scientific Management
- Bureaucratic Organizations
- Administrative Principles
• Very powerful, gave companies fundamental skill for high productivity
• Studi awal manajemen.
• 19 - akhir abad ke-20
- Manajemen ilmiah
- Organisasi Birokrasi
- Prinsip Administrasi
• Sangat kuat, memberi perusahaan keterampilan mendasar untuk produktivitas tinggi

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 Scientific Management
• Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), father of scientific management
• Focus on improving efficiency and labor productivity
• Workers could be re-tooled like machines
• Managers would need to change
• Incentive systems for meeting standards
• Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), bapak manajemen ilmiah
• Fokus pada peningkatan efisiensi dan produktivitas tenaga kerja
• Pekerja bisa di program ulang seperti mesin
• Manajer perlu berubah
• Sistem insentif untuk memenuhi standar

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 Bureaucratic Organizations
• Max Weber (1864-1920), a German theorist introduced the bureaucratic theories
• Rational authority—more efficient and adaptable to change
• Selection and advancement would be focused on competence and technical
qualifications
• Max Weber (1864-1920), seorang ahli teori Jerman memperkenalkan teori birokrasi
• Otoritas rasional — lebih efisien dan mudah beradaptasi terhadap perubahan
• Seleksi dan kemajuan akan difokuskan pada kompetensi dan kualifikasi teknis

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 Administrative Principles
• Henri Foyal (1841-1925), French mining engineer and other contributors led the ideas
• Several of the principles include:
– Unity of Command
– Division of Work
– Unity of Direction
– Scalar Chain
• Foyal identified five functions of management: Planning, Organizing, Commanding, Coordinating, and Controlling
• Henri Foyal (1841-1925), insinyur pertambangan Perancis dan kontributor lainnya memimpin ide-ide tersebut
• Beberapa prinsipnya meliputi:
– Kesatuan komando
– Divisi kerja
– Kesatuan Arah
– Rantai Skalar
• Foyal mengidentifikasi lima fungsi manajemen: Perencanaan, Pengorganisasian, Penguasaan, Koordinasi, dan Pengendalian

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 Humanistic Perspective
• Led by Mary Parker Follett and Chester Barnard
• Importance of understanding human behaviors: needs, attitudes and social interactions
– Human Relations Movement
– Human Resources Perspective
– Behavioral Sciences
• Dipimpin oleh Mary Parker Follett dan Chester Barnard
• Pentingnya memahami perilaku manusia: kebutuhan, sikap, dan interaksi sosial
– Gerakan Hubungan Manusia
– Perspektif Sumber Daya Manusia
– Ilmu Perilaku

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 Human Resources Perspective
• Focus on job tasks and theories of motivation
– Reduce dehumanizing or demeaning work
– Allow workers to use full potential
– Main contributors: Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor
• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• McGregor’s Theory X/Theory Y
• Perspective came from the idea that cows gave more milk when they were more satisfied
• Fokus pada tugas pekerjaan dan teori motivasi
– Kurangi pekerjaan yang tidak manusiawi atau merendahkan
– Biarkan pekerja menggunakan potensi penuh
– Kontributor utama: Abraham Maslow dan Douglas McGregor
• Hierarki Kebutuhan Maslow
• Teori McGregor X / Teori Y
• Perspektif berasal dari gagasan bahwa sapi memberi lebih banyak susu ketika mereka lebih puas

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Theory X and Theory Y

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 Management Science Perspective
• Engaged mathematics, statistics and quantitative techniques to aid in decision making
• Increased study of management led by Peter Drucker
• Use of technology and programming for optimizing operations
• Introduced new subsets of management:
– Operations Research
– Operations Management
– Information Technology
• Matematika yang terlibat, statistik dan teknik kuantitatif untuk membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan
• Peningkatan studi manajemen yang dipimpin oleh Peter Drucker
• Penggunaan teknologi dan pemrograman untuk mengoptimalkan operasi
• Menerapkan subhimpunan manajemen baru:
– Operasi pencarian
– Manajemen operasi
– Teknologi Informasi

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