SYSTEMS ADMIN I

LECTURE # 1

Zakaria Abukari
 OUTLINE
• Introduction

• Windows Server 2016 Core Technologies

• Windows Server 2016 Editions and Requirements

• Windows Server 2016 Recommended Hardware Requirement

• Planning and installing a Windows Server 2016

Introduction: A brief on computer networks

• Classification
PANs
LANs
WANs -> CANs, MANs and the Internetworks
popularly called Internet
• Classification
Peer-to-peer (Workgroup)
Server-based (Domain)
Figure 1: A typical home/small office computer network
 Introduction: Servers

• A server or collection of servers is usually at the center of

most business networks
• The functions a server performs depend on
The type of business using the server

Size of the business, and

Extent to which the business has committed to using technology

to aid operations
 Servers: Hardware or Software?
• Some conjure up visions of a large tower computer with lots of hard drives and
memory
• A computer becomes a server when software is installed on it that provides a
network service to client computers
• What makes a computer a server or client computer is the software installed on it.
• In short, a server is a computer that is meant to be a dedicated service provider, and
a client is a computer that requests services.
• A network that is made up of dedicated servers and clients is known as a
client/server network.
• A server-based network is the best network for sharing resources and data, while
providing centralized network security for those resources and data.
 Servers: Selecting a Server

• First identify the server roles and network services that

the server will need to provide
• Examine how many people will be accessing the server at
one time to help determine the load the server needs to
fulfill
• Hardware specifications
• Server OS
 Servers: Selecting a Server hardware specs

The primary subsystems that make up a server are:

• Processor
• Memory
• Storage
• Network
 Server OS vs. Client Operating Systems

• A server operating system, also called a server OS, is an operating

system specifically designed to run on servers within a
client/server architecture to serve the requests of client computers
on the network
• Server operating Systems manage client/server networks
• The major services provided by servers through server roles are:
 Centralized user Authentication
 Centralized management of network resources
 Centralized network security for all resource
In a multitiered client/server network, client requests for service are
handled by different levels of servers.
 Operating System Platforms
• Corporate servers
– Windows Server
– Unix
– Linux
• Client level
– Microsoft Windows
– Android, iO S, Windows 10 (mobile/multitouch)
– Google’s Chrome OS (cloud computing)
• Market shares of Operating systems as of 2016
• Server level: 65% run Unix or Linux; 35% run Windows
• Client level:
– 90% run Microsoft Windows (Windows 11, Windows 10, etc.)
– Mobile/multitouch (Android, iOS)
– Cloud computing (Google’s Chrome OS)
 Windows Server 2016 Core Technologies
• Server Manager
• NT File System (NTFS)
• Active Directory
• Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
• Disk Management
• File and Printer Sharing
• Windows networking
• PowerShell
• Hyper-V and cloud computing
• Storage Spaces
 Server Manager
• Server Manager provides a single interface for installing,
configuring, and removing a variety of server roles and
features on your Windows server.
• It also summarizes the server’s status and configuration
and includes tools to diagnose problems, manage
storage, and perform general configuration tasks.
• Server Manager can be used to manage all servers in a
network and access all the server administration tools
from a single console.
Server Manager….cont.
 NT File System (NTFS)
• The NT File System (NTFS) was introduced in
Windows NT in the early 1990s.
• Although it has been updated throughout the
years, NTFS has remained a reliable, flexible, and
scalable file system.
• Its predecessor was File Allocation Table
(FAT)/FAT32, which had severe limitations for a
server OS
Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
• A server OS requires a multitude of tools that
administrators must use to manage, support, and
troubleshoot a server system.
• One challenge of having so many tools is the
numerous user interfaces an administrator has to
learn.
• Microsoft has lessened this challenge by including the
Microsoft Management Console (MMC), a common
framework for running most administrative tools
 MMC….Cont
• The MMC alone isn’t very useful; it’s just a user
interface shell as shown in below in Fig 2
• What makes it useful is the bevy of snap-ins you
can install.
• Each snap-in is designed to perform a specific
administrative task, such as the Disk Management
snap-in
Figure 2: MMC
Disk Management
 File and Printer Sharing
• Probably the most common reason for building a
network and installing a server is to enable users to
share files, printers, and other resources.
• Windows Server 2016 has a full-featured system for
file and printer sharing, offering advanced features
such as shadow copies, disk quotas, and the
Distributed File System (DFS).
• At its simplest, sharing files or a printer is just a few
clicks
 Windows networking
• Network Interface
• Network Client and Server Software
Windows Networking Concepts

• The Workgroup Model

• The Domain Model

 PowerShell
• PowerShell is a command-line interactive scripting environment that
provides the commands for almost any management task in a Windows
Server 2016 environment.
• It can be used much like a command prompt or as a powerful scripting
engine that enables you to create and save a series of commands for
performing complex tasks
• In a command-prompt environment, commands you type are called
simply commands; PowerShell uses the term cmdlets (pronounced
“command-lets”).
• Hundreds of cmdlets are available in PowerShell, ranging from
performing simple tasks, such as displaying the date and time, to
managing aspects of Active Directory and almost every other server role
 Hyper-V and cloud computing
• Cloud computing is a collection of technologies for
abstracting the details of how applications,
storage, network, and other computing resources
are delivered to users.
• The term comes from network diagrams that
include the Internet Storage Spaces
 Storage Spaces
• Storage Spaces is a tool first introduced in
Windows Server 2012 that is designed to make the
most of local storage on servers.
• It uses the power of virtual disks to give you a
platform for creating volumes from storage pools
that can be dynamically expanded and fault
tolerant without the usual physical disk
restrictions placed on volume creation
Windows Server 2016 Editions and Requirements

• Datacenter
• Standard
• Essentials
• MultiPoint Premium Server
• Storage Server
• Hyper-V Server
Windows Server 2016 Recommended Hardware
Requirements
Component Minimum Requirement Recommended

Processor 1.4 GHz 64-bit CPU 3.1 GHz or faster 64-bit multicore
Memory 512 MB RAM 2 GB RAM or more
Available disk 32 GB 60 GB or more for the system partition
space   PCI Express SATA, SAS, or SCSI disk controller
(PATA/IDE not supported)

Network interface PCI Express Gigabit (10/100/1000 PCI Express Gigabit (1000 BaseT) Ethernet Adapter
card BaseT) Ethernet Adapter supporting supporting PXE boot
PXE boot

Additional drives DVD drive (required only if installing Optical Storage DVD drive
from DVD media)

Display and Super VGA or higher Super VGA or higher

peripherals Keyboard and mouse Keyboard and mouse
Internet access Internet access
Planning and installing a Windows Server
2016
• The network environment in which you’re
deploying a server and the roles a server will play
on the network are the key considerations in
planning Windows Server 2016 installations.
• Is the server going to be the first one in a new
Windows network?
• Is it an expansion of a network by adding a second
server or installing a server in a branch office?
• Are you upgrading from earlier Windows server?
 Other considerations
• CPU architecture
• Disk subsystem
• Name of the server
• Network protocols and addresses to be used
• The server IP address
• Domain name
• Administrator password
 Performing a Clean Installation

• WATCH VIDEO AT