BONDING IN SOLIDS

PRESENTED BY,
ANJU C.L
PHYSICAL SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION

Atoms combine to form molecules and molecules combine to form solids. Atoms are held
together by chemical bonds. This holding together phenomenon is known as Bonding.
Bound states have the minimum energy and are therefore stable.
MEANING

When a bond is formed, the system goes to minimum energy state. Electrical forces are
responsible for binding the atoms and molecules. These binding forces develop in different
ways, giving rise to different types of bonds.
TYPES OF BONDS

1. Ionic bond
2. Covalent bond
3. Metallic bond
4. Hydrogen bond
5. Van Der waals bond
IONIC BOND

• Ionic bond is formed between an electropositive element and a electronegative element.

• The electropositive atom transfers one or more electrons to the electronegative atom.
• Thereby stabilizing their outer shell electronic configuration.
COVALENT BOND

• A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of valence electrons of the constituent atoms.
• Example of such formation is water.
• Covalent bond is also known as a homopolar bond.
METALLIC BOND

• Different type of bond occurs in metal.

• The valence electrons are loosely bound and free to move around all the atoms.
• These electrons are often said to comprise free electrons Gass.
HYDROGEN BOND

• Hydrogen bond is formed when a Hydrogen atom attachment with an electronegative

atom.
VAN DER WALLS BOND

• The weak short range attractive forces

• Weaker bond
• Usually observed in inert gas.
• These bonds are formed due to dipole attraction.
CONCLUSION

A crystal is formed by three dimensional periodic arrangement of atoms,ions or

molecules. Bonding holds the constituent particles together. Each bond have different
characters. Depending upon the bond structure changes.