In 1976, fundamental duties were added by the 42nd 

Amendment Act upon

the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. The idea of

Fundamental Duties has been borrowed from the Constitution of USSR

(Union of Soviet Socialist Republic). Till then, Japan was only the

democratic state that contains the Duties of the citizen. It was the belief of

the socialist government that both rights and duties are of equal

importance.
FEATURES OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

1. The fundamental duties contained both the moral as well as civic

duties. For example, cherishing noble ideals from freedom struggle is
on moral lead however respecting the constitution, national flag and
national emblem is on civic lead.
2. Though some of the fundamental rights are extended to foreigners as
well as aliens but fundamental duties are only confined to Indian
citizenship and do extend towards foreigners.
3. Like Directive Principles, Fundamental Duties are also non-enforceable in

nature. The government cannot enforce legal sanction for their violation.

4. The duties are essentially taken from the Indian tradition, mythology,

religions and practices. Essentially these were the duties that are the

codification of tasks integral to the Indian way of life.