PREDICTION OF WAVE PATTERN AND HULL

PERFORMANCE OF MODEL MTC 092 HULL FORM

USING OPENFOAM

Prepared by : UMMU SAIYIDAH NAJIHAH BINTI ZAINUDIN

Supervised by : EN. NASRUDIN BIN HAJI ISMAIL
Co-supervised by : PROF. ABU HASAN BIN ABDULLAH

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING ( NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND OFFSHORE

ENGINEERING)
1
Presentation Outline
Introduction
Problem Statement
Objective and Scope
Literature Review
Methodology
Result
Discussion
Conclusion
Future Work

2
Introduction
1. Important to make an accurate prediction of hull resistance so that it can be able to choose an appropriate
engine power of the propulsion unit.
2. It is also of interest to investigate the wave pattern of the hull to get desirable resistance properties.
3. The hull resistance and running attitude have been determined by performing experiments on model hull scale
in towing tanks.
4. A more universal method for hull performance predictions is to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
which is a computer simulation where the behavior of a system involving fluid flow will be analyzed by using
numerical methods.
5. OpenFOAM is a open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) toolbox that is free and open source CFD
software that has a large user base across most areas of engineering either from commercial and academic
organization.
6. If the ship hull could make use of CFD in their hull development, they could improve their vessel design
process and reduce the production time and cost.

3
Problem Statement
The problems need to be addressed in this project:

1. The capability of the open source software in develop a simulation of the wave pattern and the hull
performance of hull form model MTC 092.

2. The accuracy of the result from open source software when compared to the towing tank experiment
result.

4
Objective
The objectives of the project as listed below:

1. To predict the performance of Model MTC 092 hull by simulating

wave patterns around this hull form.

2. To analyze the computed flow field which is expected to yield hull

resistance and free-surface wave pattern which will be compared
with the model testing results.

5
Scope of Study
The study are focusing on the limitations as stated below:

1. Using MTC092 hull: This model hull has been put through scale
model testing at MTC.

2. Prediction of wave pattern will be analyzed from plan view.

3. A resistance experiment will be conducted to observe the wave

pattern.

4. CFD computation will be done using OpenFoam on Linux.

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Literature Review
1) Exploring ship resistance cases in OpenFoam.
Author (Year) Objective Model Description Result
Title
Stephen et al. 1. The numerical wave pattern It can be seen that all
(2010) To develop and validate a KRISO container generated has been validated the CFD data agrees
numerical method for ship (KCS) against experimental data well with the
Free-surface cfd evaluating the resistance showing good correlation. experimental data along
prediction of components on a towed the majority of the
components of hull. surface of the hull
ship resistance for (based on the graph).
kcs.

Alessandro et al. 1. Clear that the ship 1. The error between

(2012) To develop accurate and MONOTRICAT hull resistances obtained from all the numerical and
reliable CFD tools that CFD simulations agree with experimental results
Shape pilot monotricat can use to the experimental is less than 5-10%.
monotricat srl: hull replace the highly measurements, especially with 2. The numerical ship
resistance expensive tests. high values of the froude resistance is larger
simulations for an number. than 12% the
innovative hull 2. Higher froude number is measured ship
using openfoam. associated with a higher resistance for the
resistance for all cases (CFD case with the lowest
simulation). froude number.

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 Author (Year) Objective Model Description Result
Title
Hudson et. al Both the RANS and the Resistance results for
(2017) To thoroughly validate the Wigley hulls BEM show good Wigley hull 8.9% at
performance of correlation with highest Fr. = 0.408, and
Validating Force OpenFOAM for predicting experimental results in error 4.21% for Series
Calculations using the forces on a fixed hull in terms of amplitude with 60 at Fn = 0.3 .
OpenFOAM waves. RANS having the best
on a Fixed Wigley Hull performance.
in Waves.

David et. Al (2015)
To evaluate how accurate
Prediction of High- CFD is using commercially
Speed Planing Hull available software, and if
Resistance and these can fully or partly
Running Attitude. replace towing tank tests
in planing hull design
Planing hull CFD can be used by At froude numbers
shipyards in order to higher than 1.3, and the
make improvements results deviate by 6.1%
and corrections at an to 8.2%.
early stage in the
design process.

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2) Wave Pattern

1. In deep water cases, the wave pattern consist

of only transverse and diverges waves that
limited to a wedge-shaped region with a half
angle of 19.5⁰.
2. This wave pattern is known as the Kelvin
wave pattern.
3. Prakash and Chandra (2013), at sub critical
speed where Fn < 1, the angle of divergent
waves is at an angle about 35.
Figure 1 : Kelvin wave pattern (Bertram, 2012)

Figure 2: Sub critical (a) wave patterns (Prakash and

Chandra, 2013). 9
Methodology Flow Chart
START

MESHING IN
GMESH
STUDY THE
CONCEPT OF THIS
PROJECT

SIMULATION OF
MODEL MTC 092
IN OPENFOAM
RUN MODELLING
RESISTANCE HULL FORM OF
TEST IN TOWING MTC 092 IN CAD
TANK
ANALYSIS DATA
& RESULTS

END 10
Simulation Process
START

POST-PROCESSING
PRE-PROCESSING

ANALYSE DATA
SOLVER

END

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Experiment Procedure

Transfer the model to the Tape the ballast weight

Draw line grid 2×2 cm on towing tank to check it’s
Swing test the model onto model to make sure
the ship body and board. draught in even keel
MTC092. it doesn’t move
condition.

Run the experiment at

Take measurement of
one speed then proceed
ship speed and the total Setup camera along the Attach the model to the
with other speed right
resistance at the certain towing tank carriage towing carriage
after the water had been
speed.
calmed

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Gantt Chart (FYP 1)
Semester 1 (2017/2018)

No Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
1 Introduction
Project Background
Problem Statement
Significance of the project
2 Literature Review
Ship Resistance
Open Source
Wave Pattern
Meshing technique
3 Methodology
Extracting useful data from various source (done literature review).
Identifying a specific type and parameter of the vessel.
Conduct simulation test in OpenFoam.
Analyse and interpret resulst obtained from OpenFoam.

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Gantt Chart (FYP 2)
Semester 2 (2017/2018)

No Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

1 Modelling model MTC 092 in FreeCAD

2 Modelling model MTC 092 in Maxsurf

3 Modelling model MTC 092 in AutoCAD

4 Lofting model MTC 092 in AutoCAD
5 Resistance Experiment (wave pattern)

6 Analysis Experiment Data

7 Generate mesh on CAD model

8 Perform CAD model simulation in OpenFOAM

9 Post processing of CFD simulation in Paraview

10 Analyse the model MTC 092 in OpenFoam Software

11 Comparison of simulation result and experiment result

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 Results (Wave Pattern)
Table 1: Wave pattern analysis
Model Wave Froude Model
speed pattern number resistance
(knot) (degrees) (Fn) (Rtm)

14 40⁰ 0.38 30.77

16 37⁰ 0.43 43.73
18 34⁰ 0.49 57.44

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Result (Resistance Test)
Table 2: Result of Resistance Test.

Vs Vm (m/s) × × × × × (kN) PE
(knot) (kW)

14 1.96 7.33 0.0034 1.8589 7.3334 9.87 71.93 518.02

16 2.24 8.35 0.0034 1.8254 8.3513 10.85 103.32 850.39

18 2.52 8.86 0.0033 1.7966 8.8589 11.33 136.54 1264.23

20 2.80 7.96 0.0032 1.7714 7.9668 10.42 154.92 1593.84

22 3.08 7.21 0.0032 1.7491 7.2170 9.64 173.56 1964.15

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Discussion
1. Difficulties in modelling MTC 092 in a CAD.
• Don’t have any experience in modelling a ship.
• Lack of resources or references modelling a ship in freeCAD.
2. Problems and challenges that face during pre-processing part in OpenFOAM.
• Lack of time to setup and learn each subdirectories and files under resistance
case.
• Pre-processing part is 70% of PSM 2 duration.

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Conclusion
Based on resistance test in towing tank result, it can be concluded that as the running
speed increased, the total resistance increased and the effective power of the ship model
also increased. Wave pattern result shows that increasing the divergent waves distance,
the running speed is also increase and the total resistance and power of ship also
increase.

However, until this time the objective of this project still cannot achieved. If given a
chances after this I will continued this project and will try my very best to achieve a good
result.

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Future Work
Future work should focus on a detailed research on the OpenFoam
process to make sure the project could successfully done. Other than
that, might be for the next generation, the burden on modelling and
resistance test can be reduced because it takes a lot of time to finish the
process since we only have 14 week to complete ugp 2. It would also be
of interest if they could learn and understand in detail of the OpenFoam
process.

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References
1. Bjorn Winden, Stephen R. Turnock and Dominic Hudson (2017), Validating Force
Calculations using OpenFOAM on a Fixed Wigley Hull in Waves, Fluid-Structure
Interactions Research Group University of Southampton, Southampton

2. Joe Banks, A.B. Phillips and Stephen R. Turnock (2010), Free-surface CFD Prediction of
Components of Ship Resistance for KCS. Southampton University.

3. Lilit Axner, Jing Gonga, Alessandro Chiarini and Luigi Mascellaro, SHAPE pilot Monotricat
SRL: Hull resistance simulations for an innovative hull using OpenFOAM. PDC-HPC, KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-10044, Sweden.

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