LECTURE 3

REFRIGERATION ENGINEERING
( ACTUAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE)
PROBLEMS
Example 1 : An ammonia compression plant is to be Compressor speed 400 rpm
designed for a capacity of 50TR. The system operates Mechanical Effcy 80%
with a condensing temperature of 40 C and an
evaporating temperature of -20 C. The other data Volumetric Effcy 77%
are the following: Stroke to Bore Ratio 1.3
Temperature:
Leaving evaporator -10 C A twin cylinder, double acting compressor is to
Entering compressor - 5 C be used. The heat absorbed by the jacket w-ater
Leaving compressor 95 C is 40 percent of the indicated work of the
compressor.
Entering condenser 85 C
Determine the following:
Leaving condenser 33 C
Entering expansion 36 C a. The bore and stroke
Valve b. The brake work
Wiredrawing: c. The heat lost or gained between compressor
and condenser and
Suction Valve 20 kPa
Discharge Valve 40 kPa d. The heat rejected from the condenser.
PROBLEMS
Example 1 : An ammonia compression plant is to be Compressor speed 400 rpm
designed for a capacity of 50TR. The system operates Mechanical Effcy 80%
with a condensing temperature of 40 C and an Volumetric Effcy 77%
evaporating temperature of -20 C. The other data are
the following: Stroke to Bore Ratio 1.3
Temperature:
Leaving evaporator -10 C
Entering compressor - 5 C
Leaving compressor 95 C
Entering condenser 85 C
Leaving condenser 33 C
Entering expansion 36 C
Valve
Wiredrawing:
Suction Valve 20 kPa
Discharge Valve 40 kPa
PROBLEMS
Example 1 : An ammonia compression plant is to be
designed for a capacity of 50TR. The system operates
with a condensing temperature of 40 C and an
evaporating temperature of -20 C. The other data
are the following:
Temperature:
Leaving evaporator -10 C
Entering compressor - 5 C
Leaving compressor 95 C
Entering condenser 85 C
Leaving condenser 33 C
Entering expansion 36 C
Valve
Wiredrawing:
Suction Valve 20 kPa
Discharge Valve 40 kPa
• Considering enthalpy at each point:

• P1 = P8 = Psat @ -20 = 190.74 kPa

• h1 = h2 = h @ -5 C and 190.74 kPa
= 1470 kJ/kg
• v2 = v @ 1470 and 170.74 kPa = 0.75
m3/kg
• P4= P5 = P6 = P7 = Psat @ 40 =
1557kPa
• h4 = h3 = h @ 95 C and 1557 kPa =
1650
• h5 = h @ 85 C and 1557 kPa =
• 1628
• h6 = hf @ 33 C = 356.326
• h7 = h8 = hf @ 36 C = 370.957
• Considering:
GIVEN:
N = 400 rpm
nme = 80%
nva = 77 %
L/D = 1.3 ; L = 1.3D
na = 2
nc = 2

For the compressor:

A. L and D
nva = V2 / VD
• Considering: For mr;
GIVEN:
N = 400 rpm QA = mr (h1-h8) ; mr =
nme = 80% mr =
nva = 77 % mr = 0.16 kg/s
L/D = 1.3 ; L = 1.3D D=
na = 2 D = .17 m = 179 mm
nc = 2 L = 1.3D = 1.3(179 mm)
L = 232.7 mm
nva = (mr v2) / (.25 L na nc)
nva = (mr v2) / (.25 (1.3D) na nc)
GIVEN:
N = 400 rpm
nme = 80%
nva = 77 %
L/D = 1.3 ; L = 1.3D
na = 2
nc = 2

B. For WB,

nme = Wi /W B
For Wi, • For WB,

By energy balance on compressor, • WB = Wi/0.8

Ein = Eout • WB = 51.43 kW

mrh2 + Wi = mrh4 + Qj
mr(h2-h4) = 0.3Wi – Wi = Wi (0.3-1)
Wi = mr(h2-h4)/(0.3-1)
Wi = (0.16kg/s)(1470-1650)/(0.3-1)

Wi = 41.14 kW
C. Qloss = Q4-6 D. Qcondenser= Q5-6

By energy balance, Q5-6 = mrh5 – mrh6

Ein = Eout
Q6-8 = 0.16 kg/s (1628 – 356.326) kJ/kg

mrh4 = mrh5 + QLOSS

Q6-8 = 203.47 kW
QLOSS = mrh4 – mrh5
QLOSS = (0.16 kg/s)(1650-1628)kJ/kg

QLOSS = 3.52 kW
PROBLEMS
Example 2 : A food freezing requires 20 tons
of refrigeration at an evaporator temperature
of -30 C and a condenser temperature of 35
C. The refrigerant Freon 22 is subcooled 4 C
before entering the expansion valve and the
vapor is superheated 5 C before leaving the
evaporator. The clearance is 4%, the
suction and discharge valve pressure drops
are 35 Kpa and 50 kPa respectively.
Compression is polytropic with n = 1.08. The
mechanical efficiency is 75%. An 11.5 x
11.5 cm 6 cylinder single acting compressor
running at 1000 rpm is used.
Determine:
A. Clearance volumetric efficiency
B. Piston Displacement
C. Total volumetric efficiency
D. Theoretical hp
E. Actual hp
F. Heat rejected during compression
G. Heat rejected to condenser cooling water
H. Quantity of cooling water in the
condenser if the temperature rise is 6 C.
PROBLEMS
Example 2 : A food freezing requires 20 tons
of refrigeration at an evaporator temperature
of -30 C and a condenser temperature of 35
C. The refrigerant Freon 22 is subcooled 4 C
before entering the expansion valve and the
vapor is superheated 5 C before leaving the
evaporator. The clearance is 4%, the
suction and discharge valve pressure drops
are 35 Kpa and 50 kPa respectively.
Compression is polytropic with n = 1.08. The
mechanical efficiency is 75%. An 11.5 x
11.5 cm 6 cylinder single acting compressor
running at 1000 rpm is used.
• Considering enthalpy at each point:

• P5 = P6 = Psat @ -30 C = 163. kPa

• P3= P4 = Psat @ 35 C = 1354.8 kPa
• P2 = 1404.8 kPa
• P1 = 128.48 kPa
• h6 = h1 = h @ (5 C SH) and 163.48
kPa= 396
• h4 = h5 = hf @ 31 = 237.944
• v2 = v @ 170.74 kPa and h2 = 0.74
m3/kg
GIVEN:
A. nvc? nvc = 1+0.04-0.04(

nvc = 1+c-c(
nvc = 67.37%

Where:
B. VD
Pe = 163.48 kPa
Pc = 1354.8 kPa VD = LnancN
P2 = 1404.8 kPa
P1 = 128.48 kPa
VD = (6)(1)(1000 rpm)

VD =7.167 m3/min
 For v1,
GIVEN:
C. nva? At point 6,
h6 = h1 = h @ (5 C SH) and 163.5 kPa= 396
nva = V1/VD
At point 1,
V1 = h1 and 128.48 kPa = 0.175
For mr:
nva = (0.445 kg/s)(0.175)(60)/ (7.167)

QA = mr (h1-h6)
nva = 65.19%

mr = QA/(h6-h5) = 20(3.517)/(396-237.944)

mr = 0.445 kg/s
D. Wc =?

V1 = mr (v1)
V1 = 0.445 kg/s (0.175 m3/kg)
V1 = 0.079 m3/s
Wc = ((- 1)
Wc = ((- 1)

Wc = 26. 56 kW or 35.60 hp
GIVEN:
E. Pi

Pi= Wc/nme

Pi = 35.60 hp / 0.75

Pi = 47.47 hp
F. Qj =?

For h2,

V1/V2 = (P2/P1)^1/n

V2 = V1 / ((P2/P1)^1/n)

V2 = .175 m3/kg / (1404.8/128.48 ) ^1/1.08

V2 = 0.019 m3 /kg

H2 = h @ 0.019 m3/kg and 1404.8 kPa

h2 = h3 = 440 kJ/kg
F. Qj =?

Qj = Wi – mr(h2-h1)

Qj = 26.56 kW – (0.445kg/s)(440-396)

Qj = 418.8 kJ/min
GIVEN:
G. Qr =? H.

Qr = mr (h4-h5) Qr = mw Cpw t

Qr = (0.445)(440-237.944) mw = Qr / Cpw t

Qr = 5394.90 kJ/min mw = 5394.90 kJ/min / (4.187 kJ/kg K)(6K)

mw = 214.75 kg/min