REASONS AND

IMPARTIALITY
 a cause, explanation, or
REA·SON justification for an action or event.

IM·PAR·TI·AL·I·T equal treatment of all rivals or

disputants; fairness.
Y
Reason is the fundamental prospect we
rely on to not become bias by feelings
and emotion.
 Impartiality can be described as the
principle that decisions ought to be based
on objective criteria, rather than on the
basis of bias, prejudice, or preferring to
benefit one person over another for
improper reasons.
Moral reasoning applies critical analysis
to specific events to determine what is
right or wrong, and what people ought to
do in a particular situation.
 06

SCOTT
SCOTT RAE'S
RAE'S SEVEN
SEVEN
STEPS
STEPS TO
TO MORAL
MORAL
REASONING
REASONING MODEL
MODEL
A model for making ethical decisions with the use of reason and impartiality on moral
matters.
Determining what do you already GATHER THE
know or the facts at hand and
what you are going to do.
FACTS
 DETERMINE these are the ethical or moral
THE ETHICAL issues needed to be tackled or
faced in a certain situation that
ISSUES may cause harm to an individual.
 DETERMINE
WHAT VIRTUES
Determine if some should be OR PRINCIPLES
given more weight than others.
Ask what the source for the HAVE A
principle is - constitution, culture,
natural law, religious tradition.
BEARING ON
THE CASE
 LIST THE Coming up with various
alternative courses of action as
ALTERNATIVES part of creative thinking included
in resolving a moral dilemma.
 COMPARE THE
ALTERNATIVES
Involves eliminating
WITH THE
alternatives contradicting to the VIRTUES OR
principles we believe in.
PRINCIPLES
 CONSIDER THE In case the principle did not
produce a clear decision, then
CONSEQUENCES consider possible consequences
(positive & negative) in your
chosen alternatives.
The decision made is one that
possesses the least number of
MAKE A
negative consequences. DECISION
 WHAT IS WILL?
Will is the capacity to act according to the principles provided by reason. Reason
assumes freedom and conceives of principles of action in order to function.

Refers to that faculty of the mind which chooses, at the moment of making
decision, the strongest desire from among the various desires present
“Nothing can possibly be
conceived in the world, or
even out of it, which can be
called good without
qualification, except a good
will.” – Immanuel Kant
IMPORTANCE OF WILL

To have a good will is to be a person whose motivation is

to do good. It's not just wishing for good things, but
being motivated to do good and thus acting to do good.
 WAYS OF DEVELOPING WILL

• Develop and practice self-discipline.

• Do mental strength training.
• Draw inspiration from people of great courage.
• Repeatedly do acts that exhibit moral courage and will.
• Avoid deed that show lack of moral courage and will.