KINSHIP, MARRIAGE,

AND THE HOUSEHOLD

Kinship
• Kinship are relations formed between members of the
society.
Types of Kinship
A. Kinship by Blood (Consanguineal Kinship) – considered
as the most basic and general form of relations in the
society. The relationship is achieved by blood affinity
(birth).
a. Descent – biological relationship; individual’s offspring
or ancestry.
b. Lineage – the line where one’s descent is traced.
 Principles of Descent

Male Female Marriage Bond Descent Bond Condescend Bond

 Unilineal Descent – traced through a single ancestor from either
male and female line.
A. Patrilineal – both males and females belonging to the kin
group of their father. Only the males pass on to their children
and family identity.
B. Matrilineal – descent traced through the female line.
C. Bilateral – descent through the study of both parents’
ancestors.
Kinship
B. Kinship by Marriage (Affinal Kinship) – refers to the type
of relations developed when a marriage occurs is forged
through marriage alliance.

Marriage is an important social institution wherein two

persons enter into family life. During this process, the
partners make a public, official, and permanent
declaration of their union as lifetime couples.
Marriage
Various Forms of Marriages
 Monogamy – happens when both married partners have only one spouse or
sexual partner.
 Polygamy – occurs when one individual has multiple spouses.
1. Polygyny – a man has multiple female partners or mates.
2. Polyandry – a woman has multiple male partners or mates.
Marriage Across Cultures
 Endogamy – compulsory marriage, in their own village, community, ethnic,
social, and/or religious group.
 Exogamy (Out-Marriage) – a marriage custom where an individual is required
by society’s norms and rules to marry outside of their own group, community, or
social classes.
Marriage
Post-Marital Residency Rules
 Neolocal – independent from the place of residence of
both newlywed’s parents.

 Patrilocal – stay in the house of the husband’s kin.

 Matrilocal – live with the wife’s relatives.

 Bilocal – stay with the husband’s relatives and the wife’s

kin alternately.
Marriage
 Referred
Marriage – happens through the help of a
matchmaker.

 Arranged Marriage (Fixed Marriage) – in this kind of

marriage the person’s parents, community leaders, and/or
religious officials determine the marital partner of the
individual.
Marriage
Types of Arranged Marriages
 ChildMarriage – the parent’s of both individuals arrange
the marriage of their own child.
 Exchange Marriage – a reciprocal exchange of spouses
between 2 countries, tribes, and/or groups.
 Diplomatic Marriage – established between two royalties
or political families to forge political alliances.
 Modern Arranged Marriage – the child’s parent, with the
consent of the child, chooses several possible mates.
Kinship
C. Kinship by Rituals (Godparenthood/Compadrazgo) – a
ritualized form of forging co-parenthood done through the
performance of Catholic rituals.

 Compadre or Kumpadre for the male godparent.

 Comare or Kumare for the female godparent.

The Family and the Household
• Familyis considered as the basic unit of social organization.
It is made up of individuals who are linked together by
marriage, blood relation, and/or adoption.
Types of Family
 Nuclear Family – made up of married couple and their
biological offspring or adopted children.
 Extended Family – members go beyond the nuclear family
made up of parents and their offspring.
 Blended Family (Step Family) – a reconstituted family from
a congregate new family unit.
Kinship of Politics:
Political Dynasties and Alliances
• Political Alliances are families forged from common
political agendas to strengthen political power or influence
to the public.

•A Political Dynasty is a descent of a political family that

holds or maintains power and influence in a particular area
of governance.