COMMUNICATION OF

INFORMATION
At the end of the session students
should be able to:
discuss different
types of
“Information
Communication

understand the terms

“Information” and
“Communication”

know the relationship between

“Information” and
“Communication”

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Introduction
Although Human beings have always
Communication has been
taking the role of communicated face to face,
connecting people and communication has become ever
sharing/ exchanging more widespread due to emergence of
information among the new technologies and information
1 human beings 3 overload

Information has always been a 2 Communication is one of the 4

component of growth and
development in human life
starting from the primitive days of
human civilization to the current
day
most universal human
activities during the last of
20th centuries and the
beginning of 21st centuries

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 Defining Communication

Communication is
Pearson & Singla, 2008 & Communication is the
defined as the
Nelson, Davis, K. process of passing
process of
2000 Communication (1978) information and
understanding and understanding from one
sharing meaning person to another. It is
essentially a bridge of
meaning between
Weihrich & Koontz, people
(2005)
communication is the transfer of
information from a sender to a receiver,
with the information being understood by
the receiver
Hence these are interrelated. In “Information Communication is different from
Communication” the relationship between information:
“Information” and “Communication” are; communication is active interaction while
•Information as a phenomenon.
•Communication as a process.
information is  an isolated action.

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 Types of Information Communication

Information Communication” may be classified in different

categories by different characteristics and different
concepts.
By Source: By Destination: By Purpose/ Style

Vocal Intrapersonal Formal

Non-Vocal Interpersonal Informal
Verbal Group
Non-Verbal Mass/Public

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Importance of Good Information
Communication

04 More innovation through

communication

03 Increased responsiveness
to customers

02 Improved quality of
products and services

01 Increased efficiency in new

technologies and skills

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 Information Communication Media:
Printed
Manuscripts are written record of
information written on paper
during ancient period that re
endangered and some are still
preserved in museums and
Books temples  Magazine
is an outcome of a scientific
investigation and its purpose is
to convey information
contained in the report to the
reader or audience
It is a paper printed and sold
daily or weekly with news,
advertisements, articles about
political, crime, business, art,
Journal entertainment, sport events.

Research Journals are

A book is set of printed Manuscript Magazines are a Newspaper
sheets of paper that are
Report published by
collection of essays,
held together inside a academic institutions,
stories, and pictures that
cover. organisations and
are usually published
commercial
once a week or once a
publishers on a
month.
regular basis.

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 Information Communication Media:
Non-Printed
Internet
is a telecommunications network that uses telephone
lines, cables, satellites and wireless connections to
connect computers and other devices to the World
Wide Web

TV
Is a telecommunication medium used for
transmitting moving images/Info in
monochrome (black and white), or in colour, Film
and in two or three dimensions and sound a thin flexible strip of
plastic or other material
coated with light-
sensitive emulsion for
exposure in a camera,
used to produce
photographs or motion
pictures

Radio
the transmission and reception of electromagnetic
Tape recorder waves of radio frequency, especially those
carrying sound messages.
an apparatus for
recording sounds on
CD
magnetic tape and is a portable storage medium that can be used to
afterwards reproducing record, store and play back audio, video and other
data in digital form
them

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Evolution of Communication
Technology

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General Communication Model

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 General Communication Model

Human Networking
Invisible College Model Technological
Model
• Also known as non- • IC refers to Information Gatekeeper Others
formal communication intercommunicating Model
• The information scientific researchers who
transfer takes place are working within a • IG” is individuals holding • The Shannon–Weaver
directly from the specified paradigm, or key or star position in the
generators of info to model
field of study that has
its users communication network • Sender-Message-
some core issues in
• The sender and the common. because of the frequency Channel-Receiver
receiver have different • Crane (1972, p. 35) with which others turn to (SMCR) Model of
personal realities defines an IC: as a them for advice and Communication
formed by their communication network discussions
experiences, • Transactional Model Of
of a subgroup of • as information
perceptions, ideas etc. researchers within a Communication
• The same event will be research area. distributers within the
interpreted and • Through personal community in which they
perceived differently discussion reside with the hope of
by each of two people • Through personal promoting social and
correspondence cultural goals

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 Every communication system has 5 basic
requirements

Transmitter
device used to transmit data
Eg. A transmitter is a piece of
equipment that is used for
broadcasting television or
radio programmes
Receiver
the receiver is the listener,
reader, or observer—that is,
the individual (or the group
of individuals) to whom a
message is directed

Data Source Transmission

Destination
Medium
A data source is simply the where the data
source of the data. It can be a The medium used to send a will be placed
file, a particular database. The message may range from an The ultimate
data might be located on the individual's voice, writing, purpose for
same computer as the program, clothing, and body language which something
or on another computer to forms of mass is created or
somewhere on a network communication such as intended.
television and the Internet.

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Human Networking Model

Intended Perceived
Meaning A Shared Space Meaning
B

Verbal Massage
A’s Reality Non-Verbal Message B’s Reality

There is always a sender and a receiver in

communication

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 Noise
Noise can be external (a physical sound) or internal (a mental disturbance), and it can disrupt the
communication process at any point. Another way to think of noise, says Alan Jay Zaremba, is as a "factor
that reduces the chances of successful communication but does not guarantee failure." ("Crisis
Communication: Theory and Practice," 2010)

May prevent the message

Affects the message from reaching the receiver
sent by the sender accurately

May take place

before, during and
May affect the way after message is
the receiver sent
interprets the
message

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Examples of Communication Systems

09
08 Smart

05
Bulletin Phone
board
system

06
Video-

03 conferencin
g
04
Smart Fax The
Internet
Phone

07
E-mail 02
01 Instant
Messaging
Global
positioning
system

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 Technological Communication: Info acquisition and
transmission devices
Radar
(radio detection and
ranging) and sonar(sound
navigation and ranging)
are both detection
technologies to capture
significant occurance in
the environment
Laser (light amplification Others:
simulated emission of • Wi-fi : Enable devices e.g
radiation) PC, video game console,
Cellular Radio smartphone or digital audio
• produce a highly player can connect to the
concentrated light • Cellular Radio voice internet when within range
source that can transmit Transmission provides of a wireless network
signals over great personal mobile, connected to the internet
distance with less cordless, long-range • GPS (Global Positioning
diffusion and scattering voice transmission System) -satellite-based
of the signal works by limited navigation system
• Holography uses laser bandwidth, low power • BROADBAND: Refers to a
beams to record three radio transmitter telecommunications signal
dimensional images on a of greater bandwidth, in
photographic plate some sense, than another
standard or usual signal.

RFID (Radio-
• Teleport Technology
Satelittes Fiber Optics allow instant worldwide
frequency
transmission signal using identification)
• Fiber optics is a very satellites
• Natural Satellites are • Is a technology that uses
planetary bodies in orbit thin strands of highly
around other bodies in conductive material communication via radio
space that allow very fast waves to exchange data
• Artificial satellites are transmission of signal between a reader and an
objects made and impulses electronic tag attached
placed in orbit by
humans to acquire and
to an object, for the
transmit data. E.g purpose of identification
MEASAT and tracking

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