CHAP 1 - 2 - Perspectives of Information Management Field - New

FOUNDATION OF INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT
IMC 402
Course Overview

Refer Scheme of Work
 Academic Calendar
Assessment:
 Quiz, Assignment and Presentation
Attendance & Attire
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Perspectives of Information Management
Field
CHAPTER 1 AND 2
Introduction
Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at least as
early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the emergence of
cultural depositories, what is today known as libraries and
archives.
It is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of

IM, in studying the computer science. It is actually a broad,
collection, classification, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only
manipulation, storage, retrieval aspects of computer science, but also library
and dissemination science, cognitive, and social sciences.
of information has origins in the Information Science and
common stock of human Information Management
knowledge. both are Applied Science and
originated from social
IM studies the application and usage of
science and humanities
knowledge in organizations, and the
domain such as Information
interaction between people, organizations
Studies, Communication,
and information systems.
documentation, Librarianship
and so on.
Information Science
Information management
Information management is a cycle of
processes that support the organization's
learning activities: identifying information
needs, acquiring information, organizing
and storing information, developing
information products and services,
distributing information, and using Wilson (2002) notes that the term
information (Choo, 1995). 'information management' is used
ambiguously in the literatures of several
fields: in computer science and its
applications it is used as a synonym for
information technology management
(Synott and Gruber 1981) or as identical to
'data management', where the emphasis is
on the structures underlying quantitative
data and their relationship to the design of
databases.
Thus…
Information management is the management of organizational

processes and systems that acquire, create, organize, distribute,
and use information. According to a process view of information
management, IM is a continuous cycle of six closely related
activities:
 identification of information needs;

 acquisition and creation of information;
 analysis and interpretation of information;
 organization and storage of information;
 information access and dissemination;
 information use (http://choo.ischool.utoronto.ca/IMfaq/)
Definition Of Information Science
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Field of knowledge, theory and Information science is concerned with The study of information
technology dealing with the
the science and practice of the provision science involves the following:
collection of facts and figures and
the processes and methods involved
of information. It includes the study of •MATERIALS
information from its generation to its •Identifying / locating of
in their manipulation, storage,
exploitation, and of its transmission in a information
dissemination, publication and
•Gathering / collecting /
retrieval. It includes the subject variety of forms through a variety of
acquiring of information
areas of communication, publishing, channels •Processing of information
library science and informatics”
•
[English Glossary Series] Information science is the study of the collection, Preservation of information
•Dissemination
recording / processing and distribution /
dissemination of data or information, by the
information professionals, especially by electronic
means.
Transition To Modern Information Management
> 1990s
 Today, IM largely examines technical bases, social
consequences, and theoretical understanding of online
databases, widespread use of databases in government,
industry, and education, and the development of the
Internet and World Wide We

 1980s-1990s
The 1980s also saw the emergence of numerous Special
Interest Groups to respond to the changes. By the end of
the decade, Special Interest Groups were available
involving non-print media, social sciences, energy and the 
environment, and community information systems
 1980s
By the 1980s, large databases, such as Grateful Med at the
National Library of Medicine, and user-oriented services 
such as Dialog and Compuserve, were for the first time
accessible by individuals from their personal computers.
 1960s-1970s 
By the 1960s and 70s, there was a move from
batch processing to online modes, from
mainframe to mini and micro computers.
 1950s 
With the 1950s - increasing awareness of the
potential of automatic devices for literature
searching and information storage and retrieval.
DIKW Pyramid (Data, Information,
Knowledge, Wisdom) Which Illustrates The
Forms Of Knowledge.
Data
• Data
processed
with
knowledge
• Data endowed
with relevance
and purpose”
• “An organized,
meaningful, and
useful
“Data becomes interpretation of
information when data
its creator adds
meaning”
Data Data" comes
from a singular
Data is raw, Latin word,
unorganized datum, which
originally meant
Each
facts that need
to be processed. "something student's
Data can be given." Its early test score is
something usage dates back one piece
simple and to the 1600s.
Over time of data.
seemingly
random and "data" has
useless until it is become the
organized. plural of datum.
The average
score of a class
When data is or of the
processed, It has always entire school is
organized, referred to "the information
structured or act of informing, that can be
presented in a " usually in derived from
given context regard to the given data.
education,
so as to make
instruction, or
it useful, it is
Information
other
called knowledge
information. communication.
Raw Data 42, 63, 96, 74, 56, 86
Jayne’s scores in the six test

Context modules
Processing
Information ???
Examples
Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No,

Raw Data Yes, No, Yes, Yes
Responses to the market

Context research question – “Would you
buy brand x at price y?”
Processing
Information ???
111192, 111234
Raw Data
The previous and current

Context readings of a customer’s gas
meter
Processing
Information ???
Data transformed into Information
What is Information?
Devanport and Prusk, 1988
A message, usually in the form of a document or an A collection of facts that have been
audible or visible communication. It has sender and processed, organized or arranged in a
receiver. Thus information is meant to change the way the meaningful manner and meaningful to the
receiver perceives something, to have an impact on their recipient.
judgments and behavior.
Harrodd’s Librarians information is knowledge that

Glossary, 1984 derived from data, which
have been transformed,
An assemblage of interpreted, stored and used
data in a 3 for some purposes.
comprehensible Information may consist of
form, recorded on a 2 4 data, text, images, documents
paper or some other and sounds
medium and capable
of communication 1 Information 5
Definition of Information
01 02 03 04 05
Information is a Information is data Information can be Information is facts,

collection of facts that has been tangible or symbols, figures, or Something we do
organized or processed into a intangible that numbers that are not know before
arranged in a form that is reduces uncertainty conveyed to the and will affects
meaningful meaningful to the about something or recipient for the what we already
purpose of explaining,
manner. recipient about an event. knows.
informing, elaborating
and verifying so that
the recipient may use
the information for
some intended
purpose.
Main differences between data and
information
Types Of Information
Quantitative
01 • Administrative data e.g. registration data
• Individual data e.g. sample survey
• Statistical data e.g. geographical population
Qualitative
•
•
Legal documents
AV materials
02
Graphics
03 Pictures, illustrations, graphs, photographs
Characteristics of Information
09
08 Recorded /
unrecorded
form
Value
increase
with use
05
06 Shareable
04
03 Transmiss Diffusible /
communica
Substitutable ible
11 ble
Inexhaustible
/ unlimited 07
Weightle
ss
02
Compressible
01 10
Expandable
Tangible /
intangible
Characteristics of information as
follows
Self multiplying nature

1 2
It is indivisible; information is
of information used as a set
Not consumable (physical commodities can It is accumulative. adding new information to
3 be consumed / used but information

remains, however much it is used). 4 what has already been accumulated raises
the quality of information.
Not transferable, unlike physical

goods. In the transfer of information,
5 both the giver and receiver are able to

access it 6 Information is unique
Location Of Information
Information agencies 1 5 Learning centre
Government offices 2 6 Cloud
Private sectors 3 7 Personal
International agencies 4 8 Others
Therefore information must be:
 Acquired  Packaged
 Collected  Organized
 Assembled  Stored
 Analyzed  Preserved
 Validated  Retrieved
 Disseminated
FORMAT OF INFORMATION
 PRINT  NON PRINT
 Books  Microforms
 Journals  AVM-
 Magazines tapes,cassettes,videos
 Annual Reports  Cartographics –atlas,maps,
 Posters globe, charts
 Graphic – technical
 Pamphlets
drawings, art works
 Relics &Artifacts –
mummies, monuments
 Digital –CD ROM,
databases,internet,multimed
ia
CATEGORY OF INFORMATION
 Medical information
 Agricultural information
 Business information
 Personnel information
 Published
 Unpublished
FORMS OF INFORMATION
 Speech  Invoices
 Pictures  Music
 Video  Stock prices
 Software  Tax returns
 Office works  Examination results
 Love letters  Novels
Information touches all human activity. It comes in a

multitude of different shapes and forms.
Attributes of Information
Attributes
Accurate Ensure correct input and processing rules.
Complete Include all data.
Timely Give at right time
Trustworthy Do not hide unpleasant information.
Relevant Understand user needs.
ƒ Brief Summarize relevant information.
Up-to-date Include all data up to present time.
Significance Use attractive format & graphical charts

Using information
Information Services
Why
Information Competition
Customer Is
Needs Needed
Strategic
Planning

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FOUNDATION OF INFORMATION

Attendance & Attire

It is often (mistakenly) considered a branch of

Information management is the management of organizational

 identification of information needs;

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3

Jayne’s scores in the six test

Yes, Yes, No, Yes, No, Yes, No,

Responses to the market

The previous and current

Harrodd’s Librarians information is knowledge that

Information is a Information is data Information can be Information is facts,

Self multiplying nature

Not consumable (physical commodities can It is accumulative. adding new information to

3 be consumed / used but information

Not transferable, unlike physical

5 both the giver and receiver are able to

Information agencies 1 5 Learning centre

Government offices 2 6 Cloud

Private sectors 3 7 Personal

International agencies 4 8 Others

Information touches all human activity. It comes in a

Accurate Ensure correct input and processing rules.

Complete Include all data.

Timely Give at right time

Trustworthy Do not hide unpleasant information.

Relevant Understand user needs.

ƒ Brief Summarize relevant information.

Up-to-date Include all data up to present time.

Significance Use attractive format & graphical charts

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