Distillation of

Binary Liquids
Acetic Acid and Water Mixture

APALES, Felsamae M.
BURNGAWAN, Jamael L.
COROBONG, Faiza M.
DIMAL, Shameemah B.
ESTREMOS, Rutchelle D.
GAURAKI, Aisha Sarah C.
SAJULGA, Jhuwe L.
TRUZA II, Fortunato D.
Introduction
Binary liquid mixture are liquids that are composed of two
different molecular components (say for example A and B).
For a particular range of temperature and concentration of the
binary liquid, the mixture will separate into two different
liquid phases.
 For Exampl
e

At intermediate composition
and below the upper critical
temperature, phenol and water
separates into two liquid
phases. But above the upper
critical temperature, they are
completely miscible.
Introduction
In this specific
report, we are going to
deal with one of the
most used compound
in different fields such
as in food preservation,
textile printing,
pharmaceuticals,
rubber and plastics,
and more ------
purification of acetic
acid from Acetic
acid/Water mixture.
Theory and Principles
Distillation is an important tool in purifying compounds from
mixtures through difference in volatility.
In practice, several mixtures with different compositions of
the two liquids undergoes distillation and samples from both the
distillate and the residue are taken. The composition of the
gathered distillate and residue is determined after recording its
temperature or boiling point for each distillation.
The method of analysis should give a scale which
importantly and progressively change over the entire range of
concentration, from one pure liquid to another pure liquid.
Volumetric titration is done in this experiment to distinguish the
amount of the acetic acid which distills with water to plot a
boiling-point composition diagram.
Theory and Principles
For ideal mixtures of liquids, the component with a higher vapor pressure
has always the richer composition of vapor phase in the component.
According to Raoult’s Law, the vapor pressure of component A is given by,

pA=xA pA*

Where:
• xA= mole fraction of A in a solution, and
• pA*= vapor pressure of pure A.

Compared to those predicted by Raoult’s Law, actual vapor pressures can be

great or lesser than the predicted values that indicate negative and positive
deviations from ideality.
Theory and Principles
In a mixture of two miscible liquids, the vapor pressure of these liquids combines
when heated in a system. The combined vapor pressure is the reason why the boiling
temperature lowers in an ideal solution of liquids. Mathematically, the equation
becomes

P=𝑥𝐴𝑝𝐴∗ + 𝑥𝐵𝑝𝐵∗

Where: P is the total Pressure,

𝑝𝐴 and 𝑝𝐵 are the individual vapor pressure of the liquids in mixture, and 𝑥𝐴
and 𝑥𝐵 are the respective mole fractions of each liquid.

Deviations from ideality can make the unusual vapor composition curves of some
liquid mixtures.
 Objective

The goal of this laboratory activity is to construct a boiling

point-composition diagram for a binary-liquid system using
different concentrations of Acetic acid-Water Mixture
 Reagents and Apparatus
Chemicals

 100-ml Glacial acetic acid

 400-ml 1 N standardized
NaOH
 NaOH Phenolphthalein
indicator
 Reagents and Apparatus
Materials

50-ml burette
1-,2-,5- and 10-ml pipettes

20 pcs 125-ml Erlenmeyer

Flask

Circulating Pump

10 ml Graduated Cylinder
 Reagents and Apparatus
Materials

Boiling Chips
Thermometer

250-ml Distilling Flask

Condenser
 PROCEDURES

50-mL 1-mL
1. Preparing and arranging the HOAc H2O

set up.
2.Measure 50-ml of glacial
acetic acid and 1-mL of distilled
water and mix it in a 100-mL
beaker. 51-mL
HOAc sol’n
 L-1

2 samples of 1-mL aliquot

3. In two 125-mL Erlenmeyer

Flask, pipet 1-mL of the mixture
then label each flasks L-1 to
make two trials.

remaining HOAc sol’n : 49-mL

4. Transfer remaining solution of
the distilled water and glacial
acetic acid into the distilling
flask in the set up and add the
boiling chips.
49-mL
HOAc sol’n
5. Slowly distill the mixture
and collect distillate in a clean,
dry 10-mL graduated cylinder.
Read and record the
temperature when 3-mL of 6-mL
distillate
distillate has been collected.
When distillate reaches 6- mL,
stop the distillation.
remaining HOAc sol’n : 43-mL
6. Pipet 1-mL of the remaining solution in the distilling flask into each of the
Erlenmeyer flasks that were previously labeled L-1. Then, pipet 2-mL of the
distillate into each of the two Erlenmeyer flasks and label both flasks V-1.
L-1 V-1

So, we will have So, we will also have

2 samples of 2-mL aliquot 2 samples of 2-mL distillate

remaining HOAc sol’n : 41-mL remaining volume of distillate: 2-mL

7. Add 5-mL of the distilled + 5mL
of H2O
water to the remaining
solution in the distilling
flask and distill 1-mL to 2-
mL to wash out the
condenser.
remaining HOAc sol’n : 44-mL
8. Stop the heating and pipet 1-mL of the solution into each of the two Erlenmeyer
flasks that were labeled L-2. Then repeat the steps by labeling the distillate
fractions as V-2.
L-2 V-2

So, we will have So, we will also have

2 samples of 2-mL aliquot 2 samples of 2-mL distillate

remaining HOAc sol’n : 34-mL remaining volume of distillate: 2-mL

9. Repeat the steps using 10, 20, and 30-mL of distilled
water.
10. Label flasks L-3 and V-3, L-4 and V-4, and L-5 and V-
5, respectively.
11. Titrate all the solutions in the
flasks with standardized NaOH
using phenolphthalein as
indicator.
12. Finally, record the data on
the report sheet and calculate the
mole % of acetic acid by
assuming that the density of all
solutions is 1.05 g/mL
 DATA AND RESULT
STANDARDIZATION OF NaOH

M
DATA AND RESULT
DATA AND RESULT
 DISCUSSION
CALCULATION Normality of CH3COOH =
FOR L-1:
OF MOLE Normality of CH3COOH =
N = 17.058 mmol/mL
ACETIC ACID FOR V-1:

IN L-1 AND V-1 Normality of CH3COOH =

N = 17.03 mmol/mL

SAME PROCESS FOR

OTHER RUNS (Same calculations done for L-2 to L-5 and V-2 to V-5)
 DATA AND RESULT

TABLE FOR BOILING POINT – COMPOSITION CURVE

CONVERSION OF
CONCENTRATION
TO MOLE
PERCENT OF
HOAc
COMPUTATION Mass of solution = 1.05 g/ml solution x 2 ml solution

FOR = 2.10 g solution

Calculating mole and mass of CH3COOH, and mole of H20 to find mole% of

CONVERSION
CH3COOH.

OF MOLE HOAc For L-1:

Mole of CH3COOH =

to Mole % for L-1 Mass of CH3COOH =

Mole of H20 =

SAME PROCESS FOR Mole % of CH3COOH =

OTHER RUNS
COMPUTATION Mass of solution = 1.05 g/ml solution x 2 ml solution

FOR = 2.10 g solution

Calculating mole and mass of CH3COOH, and mole of H20 to find mole% of

CONVERSION CH3COOH.

OF MOLE HOAc For V-1:

Mole of CH3COOH =

to Mole % for V-1 Mass of CH3COOH =

Mole of H20 =
SAME PROCESS FOR OTHER Mole % of CH3COOH =
RUNS
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION
AND INTERPRETATION
Summary and Conclusions

The experiment uses simple distillation in separating our binary liquid, HOAc-H2O.
The boiling point of the two components of our mixture which are HOAc and Water have
close proximity (H20 has a boiling point of 100degC, and HOAc has a boiling point of
118degC), therefore upon separation, it is hard to obtain pure HOAc/Water. HOAc has a
higher boiling point and as shown in the boiling point-concentration diagram, the higher
the composition of the HOAc is in the mixture, the higher is the boiling point of the
mixture.