FACTORS AFFECTING

CLIMATE
CLIMATE
IS THE AVERAGE OF MANY YEARS OF
WEATHER OBSERVATION.
LONG TERM
WIDE AREA
SEASONAL CHANGES
MEASURED OVER LONG SPANS OF TIME
WEATHER
SHORT TERM
LIMITED AREA
CAN CHANGE RAPIDLY
DIFFICULT TO PREDICT
IT IS WHAT’S HAPPENING
OUTSIDE YOUR WINDOW
RIGHT NOW
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

LATITUDE
IS THE ANGULAR DISTANCE OF A
PLACE NORTH OR SOUTH OF THE
EARTH’S EQUATOR, USUALLY
EXPRESSED IN DEGREES.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

ALTITUDE MEANS HEIGHT ABOVE THE

GROUND OR ABOVE THE SEA LEVEL. COMMON
USES INCLUDE AVIATION (FLYING,
PARACHUTING, GLIDING), AND
GEOGRAPHY/SURVEYING. IN GEOMETRY IT IS
ALSO USED AS THE HEIGHT OF THE OBJECT
ITSELF. GENERALLY, ALTITUDE IS THE DISTANCE
ONE THING IS ABOVE ANOTHER THING.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

LATITUDE
IS THE ANGULAR DISTANCE OF A
PLACE NORTH OR SOUTH OF THE
EARTH’S EQUATOR, USUALLY
EXPRESSED IN DEGREES.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

DISTANCE FROM SEA

OCEANS HEAT UP AND COOL DOWN MUCH
MORE SLOWLY THAN LAND. THIS MEANS
THAT COASTAL LOCATIONS TEND TO BE
COOLER IN SUMMER AND WARMER IN
WINTER THAN PLACES INLAND AT THE SAME
LATITUDE AND ALTITUDE.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

TOPOGRAPHY
IS THE STUDY OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE AND ALL
ITS LUMPS AND BUMPS. IT LOOKS AT THE
CONTOURS OF THE LAND, THE VEGETATION
COVERING THE SURFACE, AND ANY MAN-MADE
FEATURES. TOPOGRAPHY CAN BE AN ONGOING
STUDY, AS EARTH SCIENTISTS WILL STUDY
CHANGES IN THE EARTH'S SURFACE.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

OCEAN CURRENTS
ARE THE CONTINUOUS, PREDICTABLE, DIRECTIONAL
MOVEMENT OF SEAWATER DRIVEN BY GRAVITY, WIND
(CORIOLIS EFFECT), AND WATER DENSITY. OCEAN WATER
MOVES IN TWO DIRECTIONS: HORIZONTALLY AND
VERTICALLY. HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS ARE REFERRED
TO AS CURRENTS, WHILE VERTICAL CHANGES ARE
CALLED UPWELLINGS OR DOWNWELLINGS.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

TEMPERATURE
IS THE MEASURE OF HOTNESS OR COLDNESS EXPRESSED
IN TERMS OF ANY OF SEVERAL SCALES, INCLUDING
FAHRENHEIT AND CELSIUS. TEMPERATURE INDICATES THE
DIRECTION IN WHICH HEAT ENERGY WILL SPONTANEOUSLY
FLOW—I.E., FROM A HOTTER BODY (ONE AT A HIGHER
TEMPERATURE) TO A COLDER BODY (ONE AT A LOWER
TEMPERATURE)
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

GLOBAL WARMING
GRADUAL INCREASE IN THE OVERALL
TEMPERATURE OF THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
GENERALLY ATTRIBUTED TO THE GREENHOUSE
EFFECT CAUSED BY INCREASED LEVELS OF
CARBON DIOXIDE, CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS,
AND OTHER POLLUTANTS.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE
EL NINO IS A CLIMATE PATTERN THAT DESCRIBES THE
UNUSUAL WARMING OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL
PACIFIC OCEAN. EL NINO IS THE “WARM PHASE” OF A LARGER
PHENOMENON

LA NINA REFERS TO THE PERIODIC COOLING OF SEA-

SURFACE TEMPERATURES ACROSS THE EAST-CENTRAL EQUATORIAL
PACIFIC.

CORIOLIS EFFECT IS THE CLOCKWISE AND

COUNTERCLOCKWISE ROTATION OF OCEAN CURRENT IS CAUSED BY A
PHENOMENON.
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

VIDEO
PRESENTATION
FACTORS AFFECTING
CLIMATE

GUESS THE PICTURE!!!

TYPHOON
FLOOD
SAND STORM
TORNADO
EL NINO
LA NINA
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern
Hemisphere. This region is referred to as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, and is the most active
tropical cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the world's annual tropical
cyclones. A typhoon is called a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean, a cyclone in the Indian Ocean
and wily-wily in Australia. Typhoons can inflict terrible damage due to thunderstorms, violent
winds, torrential rain, floods, landslides, large and very big waves associated with storm surges.

Flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry. In the sense of "flowing
water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Floods are an area of study of the
discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering and public
health.
Sand storm An ensemble of particles of dust or sand energetically lifted to great heights by a
strong and turbulent wind. Occur regularly in dry land area regions throughout the world.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Tornado is a violently rotating column of air extending from the base
of a thunderstorm down to the ground. Tornadoes are capable of
completely destroying well-made structures, uprooting trees, and
hurling objects through the air like deadly missiles.
El Nino is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of
surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. El Nino is the
“warm phase” of a larger phenomenon
La Nina refers to the periodic cooling of sea-surface temperatures
across the east-central equatorial Pacific.
LEARNING TASK 2
Answer the following questions.
1. Wasting less food is a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. (True or False)
2. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A. Carbon dioxide
B. CH4
C. Water vapor
D. All of the above
3. What to do you call to the gases in our atmosphere trap heat and block it from escaping our planet?
E. Climate
F. Weather
G. Greenhouse effect
H. Coriolis effect
4. The overwhelming majority of scientists agree that climate change is real and caused by humans?(True
or False)
5. Which of these countries emits the most carbon dioxide?
I. China
J. USA
K. UK
L. Russia
CLIMATIC PHENOMENA

VIDEO
PRESENTATION
ASYNCHRONOUS ACTIVITY

1.What is climate change?

2.Give 3 examples human activity that
contributes to climate change.
3.Cite and explain at least 3 effects of climate
change.