Roxas, Quirino, and Magsaysay

Administration
 Third Republic of the Philippines

Manuel Roxas Elpidio Quirino Ramon Magsaysay

Fifth President of the Philippines Sixth President of the Philippines Seventh President of the Philippines
1946-1948 1948-1953 1953-1957
Manuel Roxas
Fifth President of the Philippines
1946-1948

• Hails from the province of Roxas City now Capiz. He worked for
a long time as a law maker and a cabinet member of Pres.
Manuel Quezon.
• Born: January 1, 1892
• Died: April 15, 1948
• Place of Death: Clark Air Base, Pampanga (after giving speech)
• Political Party: Liberal Party
• Vice President: Elpidio Quirino
• Course/School: Law (University of the Philippines)
• Important Information: Last president of the Commonwealth
government, first president of the Third Republic, topped the
Philippine Bar Examination (1913)
Manuel Roxas
• During his administration, Americans continued to have big
influence in different aspects of the Philippines during its
independence.
• Bell Trade Act, Parity Rights, and Military Bases Agreement.
• Philippines needed the continued support of the US that’s
why those agreements and amendments were implemented
• He faced the problem of Huk insurgency.
 The Huk Movement
• They started as a strong guerilla movement in Luzon against
Japanese.
• The ideology of the Communist Party of the Philippines paved the
way for the founding of Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon
• Led by Luis Taruc and Casto Alejandrino
• They also focused in the problems of the lack of agricultural
reforms and lack of good living condition in the countryside.
• Taruc and his colleagues served in Congress, they were the ones
who were criticizing Roxas that was more in favor of the
Americans. They attacked the issue of the parity amendment in
the constitution.
 The Huk Movement
• Roxas filled a case and won against Taruc and his colleagues – terrorism and
Election Fraud
• They returned to war Juan Feleo got killed, he was known leader of Huk.
• In 1948, the Hukbalahap and National Peasant Union and its affiliated
organizations were outlaws.
• CPP got their new leaders. The brothers Jesus and Jose Lava decided to go into
armed struggle. This was their way to achieve the goal of the movement.
• Pres. Roxas died because of heart attack while visiting Clark Air Base in
Pampanga.
• Despite the many challenges Roxas government faced, it was triumphant in
many other areas.
 Manuel Roxas
• He granted amnesty or forgiveness to Filipinos who
cooperated with the Japanese, but not those who were directly
involved in the military operations of the Japanese.
• He formed the Rehabilitation Finance Corporation(RFC) that
became Development Bank of the Philippines after some time.
It implemented loan programs to financially aid families and
businesses to rise up after the war.
• The country got to join the UN and the establishment of
diplomatic relations with other nations.
Asynchronous:
• Do B6 page 275
A and B
 Elpidio Quirino
Sixth President of the Philippines
1948-1953
• Hails from Vigan Ilocos Sur. He was a member of
the Constitutional Convention that created the
1935 Philippine Constitution.
• Born: November 16, 1890
• Died: Feb. 29,1956
• Place of Death: Quezon City
• Political Party: Liberal Party
• Vice President: Fernando Lopez
• Course/School: Law (University of the Philippines)
• Important Information: 2nd president of the Third
republic, VP 1946-1948, Senator 1925-1935,
Representative, First District of Ilocos 1919-1922.
Inherited Problems from the Huk
Movement
• The US government continued to support the Phil.
Government against the Huk insurgency, they sent
additional financial aid and military assistance.
• The provided funds during the leadership of Pres. Quirino
reached up to almost $250 million.
• Quirino issued a proclamation amnesty for the members of
the CPP and the Huks to resolve the growing threat of these
groups. This led to a negotiation between the government
and the leaders of the Huk.
Inherited Problems from the Huk
Movement
• Huks didn’t surrendered because they feel like the
government was not serious about responding to their
complains and demands – abolishment of laws that are in
favor of Americans and allocation of lands to the farmers.
• The peace situation in the Phil. worsened when Huks and
other anti-government groups launched a widespread
attack. They assassinated the wife of former President
Quezon- Aurora Aragon Quezon and her companions in
1949, and the failed assassination attempt on Gen. Mariano
Castañeda.
Inherited Problems from the Huk
Movement
• Because of this, the Quirino administration launched an
extensive military operation against the Huks with the help
of the US.
• Some of the primary leaders of the CPP-PLA like Jose Lava
and Federico Bautista died, but the Huk movement
continued their fight against the government.
Economic and Social Programs
• Organized the President’s Action Committee on Social
Amelioration (PACSA)
-Address the needs of the poor
-Help the victims of war between the government and the
Huk rebels
• Established the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949 to
help banks in the countryside give loans with low interest to
farmers.
• Signed the Minimum Wage Law in 1951 and the formation of
the Magna Carta of Labor with the objective of supporting the
rights of the laborers.
Economic and Social Programs
• Quirino accomplished a lot but still there were some issues
about the lack of clear programs that would uplift the lives
of the common Filipinos and lack of efforts to address the
problems of corruption in the government.
• He was failed to be re-elected in 1953. he was lost to a
candidate from Nacionalista Party, Ramon Magsaysay, his
Secretary of Defense.
What are the accomplishments of
President Quirino?
• Organized the President’s Action Committee on Social Amelioration
(PACSA)
• Established the Central Bank of the Philippines in 1949
• Signed the Minimum Wage Law in 1951 and the formation of the
Magna Carta of Labor
Give at least 2 information about
President Elpidio R. Quirino
• He hails from Vigan Ilocos Sur.
• He was a member of the Constitutional Convention that created the
1935 Philippine Constitution.
• He was born on November 16, 1890
• He died in his retirement house in Quezon City because of heart attack
• He cam from the Liberal Party
• Studied Law in the University of the Philippines
• He became the 2nd president of the Third republic, VP 1946-1948,
Senator 1925-1935, Representative, First District of Ilocos 1919-1922
What are the two issues faced by
Pres. Quirino?
• lack of clear programs that would uplift the lives of
the common Filipinos.
• lack of efforts to address the problems of corruption
in the government.
How did he ended up with his term?
• Defeated by his Secretary of National Defense,
Ramon Magsaysay
Asynchronous:

Do B6 p. 279 A and
p. 280 C
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
Seventh President of the Philippines
1953-1957
• He hails from Iba, Zambales. He served as the
leader of the Guerillas in Zambales against the
Japanese.
• Born: August 31, 1907
• Died: March 17, 1957
• Place of Death: Mt. Manunggal, Cebu
• Political Party: Nacionalista Party
• Vice President: Carlos P. Garcia
• Course/School: Bachelor of Arts, Major in
Commerce (Zambales Academy; Jose Rizal College
• Important Information: 3rd Pres. of Third Republic,
Governor of Zambales,, Guerilla Commander of
Zambales Military District, Representative of
Zambales, Secretary of National Defense
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
• He was very popular especially to the masses. He changed
the way of campaigning in an election.
• He interacted directly with the masses, shaking hands and
eating with them and because of this, he became well-loved
by the people.
• He opened Malacanang to the public when he was elected as
president.
• He created the PCAC – Presidential Complaints and Action
Committee with the objective of making his office open to
the people.
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
• He became known for his famous saying, “He who has less in
life should have more in law”
• The Huk movement weakened during his leadership because
of his effective pacification mechanisms like allocating
agricultural lands in Mindanao under the Economic
Development Corporations EDCOR for the rebels who
surrendered.
• Demoralization spread among the Huks in 1954 when some
of its leaders such as Taruc surrendered.
 Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
• Magsaysay’s government enacted and implemented the
Agricultural Tenancy Act 1954 – it established good relations
between landholders and tenants. This gave extensive
protection to farmers to prevent the abuse of land owners.
• They also exerted efforts to make the landless have their own
lands.
• Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing
Administration (ACCFA) – established with the objective of
lending money to the farmers to be able to buy equipment for
farming
Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
• Farmers’ Cooperative and Marketing Association
(FACOMAs) – aims to stimulate the selling of products of the
farmers.
• They also attempted to change some of the provisions that
were unequal in the Bell Trade Act like lack of opportunity
to implement industrialization programs in the country, the
control of the Americans over the value of the peso, and
having too many privileges in the businesses in the country.
• Laurel-Langley Agreement –sets changes in the economic
relations of the Philippines to the United States.
Accomplishments of Ramon Magsaysay
• Held a Manila Conference in 1954 that paved the
way to the establishment of Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization (SEATO)- an organization of countries
which aims to fight the growing influence of
communism in Asia in the 1950’s
• Paid more attention on towns and barrios to uplift the
lives of people in these areas.
• Establishment of the Social Security System (SSS) as a
social insurance for the laborers in the private sector.
 Ramon del Fierro Magsaysay
• His term ended when the plane he was on crashed on March
17, 1957. His remains were found in Mt. Manunggal in
Cebu. The whole country mourned for his sudden death.
• His vice president Carlos P. Garcia took over as President of
the Philippines.
Asynchronous:

• Do B6 284 A and 287 A

 Answer Key:
284 A 287 A
• Manuel Roxas – 3, 4, 8
1. D
2. E • Elpidio Quirino – 1, 10
3. B
4. A • Ramon Magsaysay – 2, 5, 6,
5. C 7, 9