ARTICLE II

DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES
AND STATE POLICIES
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

SIX PRINCIPLES (SECTION 1-6) (SRCPPS)

1.Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority
emanates from them.
2.Renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy
3.Civilian authority is, at all times supreme over the military
4.Prime duty of the government is to serve and protect the
people
5.Promotion of general welfare and maintenance of peace and
order
6.Separation of church and state
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

basic political creed of the nation”

“

SELF EXECUTING VS NON SELF

EXECUTING
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Section 1. The Philippines Why the word

is a democratic and “democratic” added to
the word republican
republican State.
Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government
Concept of a
authority emanates from
republican
them. government
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

1. The people choose their representative and public officials for a period fixed by law;
2. Said officials are entrusted with the duty to serve the people who choose them
3. The purpose of a republican government is to promote the common welfare of the people according
to the will of the people.
4. This will is determined by the rule of the majority
5. Under the republican system, no person is above the law, which means that it applies to everyone
regardless of status in life, creed, political and religious persuasion and color of his skin. This
affirms the principle that our government is a government of laws and not of men.
6. The principle of separation of powers and the system of checks and balances is observed.
7. The legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

Choosing
1 representatives
and public
officials
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

Officials are
2 entrusted with the
duty to serve the
people
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

Purpose of a republican
3 government is to promote the
common welfare of the
people according to the will
of the people
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

4 The will is
determined by the
rule of the majority
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

5 No person is
above the law
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

6 The principle of separation

of powers and the system
of checks and balances is
observed.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Characteristics of a republican government

7 The principle of separation

of powers and the system
of checks and balances is
observed.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES
Section 2. The Philippines
renounces war as an
instrument of national policy,
adopts the generally accepted
principles of international law
as part of the law of the land
and adheres to the policy of
peace, equality, justice,
freedom, cooperation, and
amity with all nations.
Three Principles declared in section 2;
1. The Philippines renounces war as an
instrument of national policy
2. The Philippines adopts the generally
accepted principles of international law as
part of the law of the land
3. The Philippines adheres to the policy of
peace, equality, justice, freedom,
cooperation, and amity with all nations.
Doctrine of Incorporation
Doctrine of Transformation
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Section 3. Civilian authority

is, at all times, supreme over
the military. The Armed
Forces of the Philippines is
the protector of the people
and the State. Its goal is to
secure the sovereignty of the
State and the integrity of the
national territory.
2 Principles expressed in the section 3:
1. The principle of Civilian Supremacy
2. The principle that the Armed Forces of
the Philippines is the protector of the
people and the State.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Section 4. The prime duty of

the Government is to serve
and protect the people. The Mandatory Military Service
Government may call upon
the people to defend the
State and, in the fulfillment
thereof, all citizens may be
required, under conditions Involuntary Servitude
provided by law, to render
personal, military or civil
service.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Section 5. The maintenance

The following are essential for the
of peace and order, the
enjoyment by all the people of the
protection of life, liberty, and
blessings of democracy:
property, and promotion of
1. The maintenance of peace and
the general welfare are
order,
essential for the enjoyment
2. the protection of life, liberty and
by all the people of the
property, and
blessings of democracy.
3. the promotion of the general
welfare.
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES

Related provisions in the

Constitution:
Section 6. The Article III, Section 5
separation of Article VI, Section 29 (2)
Art. VI, Sec 28 (3)
Church and State Art VI, Sec 29 (2)
shall be inviolable. Art XVI, Sec 3(3)
RPC arts. 132-133