BASIC

GRAMMAR
by Betty Azar Book
Chapter 6 - Subject Verb Agreement
Lecturer: Ismalianing Eviyuliwati S.Pd., M.Hum

BY GROUP 2
• A L I F I A R A H M A N I G U N AWA N ( 1 1 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 8 )

• Z U H D I I B A D U L L A H ( 11 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 7 )

• ME SZ ALU NNA Z AF IRA (11220140000034)

• H A N N A A M E L I A ( 11 2 2 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 6 )

• TA Q I YA N A B I L A P R A M E S WA R I ( 1 1 1 9 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 )

• SEPTIAN DWI
 Table of
CONTE
6 - 1 . F in a l - sl- e s: us e , p r o n u nc ia tio n ,
an d s p e ll in g
NT
6-2. basic subject verb-agreement
6 - 3. s u bj e c t v e r b - a g r e e m e n t: u sin g
ex p r e ssio n s o f qu a n ti ty

6- 4. su bje ct ve rb- agr eemen t: 6 -5. su bj e ct v erb-ag ree me nt : s o me

us in g the re + be i rre gu la rit i es
 6-1. Final -sl-es: use, pronunciation, and
spelling
(a) NOUN + -S: Friends are important.
NOUN + -ES: I like my classes.
*A final -s or -es is added to a noun to make the noun plural.
friend = a singular noun
fviends = a plural noun

(b) VERB + -s: Mary works at the bank.

VERB + -ES: John watches birds.
*A final -s or -es is added to a simple present verb when the subject is a singular noun
(e.g., Mary, my jathn; the machine) or third person singular pronoun (she, he, it).
May works = singular She works = singuIar
The students work = plural They work = plural
 6-1. Final -sl-es: use, pronunciation, and
spelling
PRONUNCIATION OF _SI _ES
(a) seats, ropes, backs
*Final -s is pronounced Is1 after voiceless sounds, as in (c): "t," "p," and "k" are examples of voiceless sounds.
(d) seeds, robes, bags, sees
*Final -s is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds, as in (h): "d," "b," "g," and "ee" are examples of voiced sounds.
(e) Dishes, catches, kisses, mixes, prizes, edges
*Final -s and -es are pronounced /az/ after "-sh," "-ch," "-s,n c‘-z,n and "-geY'/"-dge" sounds. The /az/ ending adds a syllable. All of the
words in (e) are pronounced with two syllables. COMPARE: All of the words in (c) and (d) are pronounced with one syllable.

SPELLING: FINAL -S .VS -ES

( f) sing - sings, song – songs
*For most words (whether a verb or a noun), simply a final -s is added to spell the word correctly.
(g) wash – washes, watch – watches
*Final -es is added to words that end in -sh, -ch, -s, -2, and -x
(h) toy – toys, buy - buys
(i) baby – babies, cry – cries
*For words that end in -y:
In (h): If -y is preceded by a vowel, only -s is added.
In (i): If -y is preceded by a consonant, the -y is changed to -i and -es is added.
 6-2. basic subje ct verb -
Example : agr eem ent
• 1.each girl and boy in the sixth grade class
(have/has) to do a science project
• 2. The professor and the student ( agrees,agree) on
that point
6 - 3 . s u b j e ct v e rb - ag r ee men t : u s i n g e x p r es s i o n s o f
q u an t i t y:
Example
1. Some of the fruit in this bowl (is,are) rotten
2. Half of money (is,are) yours
3. (does,do) all of the children have their books?
4. Why (was,were) some of students excused from the
examination
5. Why(was,were) one of students excused from the
examination
 6-4. su bj ect verb-agreement: u si n g
(a)Th ere a re t wen t y s tu de n t s i n my c l as s
t here + be
(b)Th ere ’s a fly in t he ro om.
Th e s t ru c tu re t he re + b e, t he re i s ca l le d a n “ ex p le t i ve ”
It i n tro du ce s t he i de a t ha t so me th i ng ex is t s i n a pa rt i c ul ar pl a ce .
Pat t ern: t hree + b e + su b je ct + e x pres s io n o f p l ac e
(c ) t h ere a re s e ve n c on t in e nt s .
Th e Imp li e d e xp re s si on of p l a ce i s cl e arly i n t he worl d.

SINGUL AR VER B
(d) th e re i s a b oo k o n t he sh el f
PLUR A L VER B
(e) Th e re are s ome bo ok s o n t h e sh e lf

Th e s ub j e ct fo l lo ws b e w he n t he re i s u se d.
In (d): t h e s ub je c t i s b oo k .
In (e) th e s ub j ec t is b o ok s.

(f) INF OR M AL : T hree ’s s ome bo ok s o n t h e sh e lf.

Ve ry i nfo rma l s po k en En gl i sh , so me n at i ve s pe ak ers u s e a s i ng ul a r ve rb e ve n wh e n t he su bj e ct i s p ru na l , a s i n (f).
 6 - 5 . s u b j ect ver b- agr eement: some
Singular verb
irregular ities
Sometimes a proper noun that ends in -s is singular.
If the noun is changed to a pronoun, the singular pronoun it is used ( not the plural pronoun they) because the noun is singular.
● The United States is big
The United States = it (not they)

Expressions of time, money , and distance usually require a singular verb.

● Ten dollars is too much to pay
Prunal verb
● The police have been called
● Cattle are domestic animals
Peolpe,*police,and cattle do not end in - s, but are plural nouns and require plural verbs.

Singular verb
● English is spoken in many countries
English = language

Plural verb
● The English drink tea.
The English = people from England
basic grammar

thank
YOU
UIN SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA