PRE-CONQUEST

890 BC – 255 AD
Historical Overview

Example of everyday
expressions are the
following:
- Rituals (planting,
harvesting, rites of passage,
funerary, ceremonies,
weddings);
- Hunting, and etc.
Historical Overview
A series of topics about
the following will be tackled
on:
• Rituals
• Music
• Dance
• Carving
• Pottery
• Weaving
• Body Ordamentation
CAÑAO OR KANYAW -
CORDILLERA
AUTONOMOUS
REGION

Kashawing - Lake Lanao in

Mindanao

Rituals
Every Thirteenth Moon (Tagbanwa)- Palaw
MAYVANUVANUA- IN BATANES

The ritual is done as a symbol of

celebration or expectation for a
fruitful harvest.

SHAMAN OR MUMBAKI
This was an elaborate ritual
in elevating a “mumbaki”
(native shaman) to a higher
order called the
“mumbagol,” a performer of
the high prestige rituals in
Ifugao society and culture.
 Hunting

The pre-colonial Filipino hunted food and

game that were shared among members of a
community in a gathering where they told
stories about the hunt.
hnic Musical Instruments
Kudyapi

Pipes
Kulintang

This wealth of ethnic

Gansa or Flat musical instruments is Drum
gong further complimented by
native dance forms
whose movements often
imitated the movements
of animals, humans and
elements from nature.
Native Dance And Counterparts
Pangalay -(Sulu Archipelago)
mimetic of the movement of
seabirds
Man-manok-Bagobos Mindanao-
Imitate the movements of
predatory birds,I n the North, they
mimic the movement of the
chickens
Banog-banog-
(Mandayas’kinabua
of Mindanao)
movement of hawk
Talip dance –used in
courtship and is mimetic the
movements of wild fowls
Kadaliwas dance-(T’bolis) comedic movements of monkeys
Tinikling-(Tagalog folk dance) evocative of the movements of the
crane
Carving

Pre colonial Filipinos have been

making images before colonization.
This is exemplified by the country’s
rich tradition in CARVING.
Bulul_also known as bul-ul or
tinagtaggu, is a carved
wooden figure used to guard
the rice crop by the Ifugao
(and their sub-tribe
Kalanguya) peoples of
northern Luzon. The
sculptures are highly stylized
representations of ancestors
and are thought to gain
power and wealth from the
presence of the ancestral
spirit
Hagabi are traditionally large
ceremonial benches carved for wealthy
Ifugao families as a symbol of wealth,
power and prestige. The bench serves
as a symbol of a prestigious "hagabi
feast" in which the carving of the bench
marks the beginning of the celebration.
Santos - Laguna
and Pampanga

Okir or okil is the term for geometric and flowing

Okir - Southern Philippines plant-based designs and folk motifs that can be
usually found among the Moro and Lumad peoples
of the Southern Philippines, as well as parts of
Sabah. It is particularly associated with the artwork
of the Maranao and Sama (Badjao) people,
although it can also be found to a lesser extent
among neighboring Maguindanao, Iranun, Tausug,
Yakan, and Lumad groups. The design elements
vary among these ethnic groups, with the greatest
refinement being found among the Maranao.
SARIMANOK

PANOLONG

Man's Grave Marker (Sunduk), early to century

Bajau people,
Carving
Pottery
Pottery is the process and
the products of forming
vessels and other objects
with clay and other ceramic
materials, which are fired at
high temperatures to give
them a hard, durable form
Anthropomorphic Burial Jars
anthropomorphic clay jars,
found in Ayub Cave
(southern Mindanao Island,
Philippines), excavated by
specialists from the National
Museum of the Philippines in
1991–1992, and tentatively
dated to 500 BC to 500 AD.
Manunggul Jar – (890 – 710 BC)
The Manunggul Jar is a
secondary burial jar excavated
from a Neolithic burial site in the
Manunggul cave of the Tabon
Caves at Lipuun Point in
Palawan, Philippines. It dates
from 890–710 B.C.[2] and the two
prominent figures at the top
handle of its cover represent the
journey of the soul to the afterlife.
Palayok Pottery
Tapayan

Banga
Weaving is a method of
textile production in which
two distinct sets of yarns Weaving
or threads are interlaced
at right angles to form a
fabric or cloth.
Purpose:
- reverence for spirits and
nature
- criteria for the beautiful
- societies’sociopolitical
structures
Weaving
Made from:
fibers - cotton, abaca, and
pineapple leaves
pigments - clay, roots, and
leaves.
Textile Weaving
 Malong

Pis Siyabit

Langkit
Textile Weaving
 Weaving

aside from body ormnaments, weaving is

also essential for productivity of natives
like baskets and mat weaving

Product Weaving
Product Weaving
 A manuscript - Boxer Codex sometimes
Known as the Manila Manuscript, is a
manuscript written
Body Ornamentation c.1590, which contains illustrations of
ethnic groups in the Philippines at
the time of their initial contact with
the Spaniards - representations of
various ethnolinguistic groups, where
the following are classified:

-Upper class Tagalog - gold jewelry

-Visayans - tattoo
Boxer Codex
Tattoo
• a means protection of an
individual from evil spirit
• a badge of maturity and
bravery
• Provinces like Kalinga,
Kankanay,
Ibaloy, and Ifugao -
practiced
pattooing
Body Ornamentations
• Jewelry
- make the wearer more
attractive & pleasing to the
gods.
- T’boli - wear brass
chains, bells, and colorful
beads
Body Ordamentations
• Metalworks like lotoans
or betel nut boxes are
made of brass or bronze
(Maranao of Lanao del Sur)
Body Ordamentations
lost wax or cire perdue
- metal casting, moulds filled
with
liquefied metal, hardens
• Other vessels
- brass kendi and the gadur,
status
symbols or as heirloom
pieces