Levels of prevention

By: Cristuto M. Congcong Jr.

Objectives:
 Goals of Prevention
 The goals of prevention are rooted in disability and death due to
chronic disease; expensive end-stage interventions for a small slice of
the population; and proven cost-effective preventive measures that
benefit most of the population.
 The major goals of prevention are to:
 1.  Reduce the burden of suffering for the major preventable diseases.
 2.  Control expenditures by reducing the need for intensive
management of late-stage illness.
 These goals extend to individuals, their families, communities, and the
whole population (Sloane, 2008).
Primary Prevention
 -generalize health promotion and
specific protection against disease.
It precedes disease or dysfunction
and is applied to generally health
individuals or group.
Example
 Health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Standards
of nutrition and of growth and development for each stage of life,
excercise requirements, stress management, protection against
occupational hazard
 Immunizations
 Risk assessment for specific disease.
 Family planning services
 Environmental sanitation and provision of adequate housing,
recreation and work condition.
Secondary Prevention
 emphasizes early detection of disease,
prints intervention and health
maintenance for individual experiencing
health problems. Including prevention
of complication and disabilities.
 Example
 Screening survey and procedures of anay type ( e.g. Denver
Developmental Screening Test, hypertension screening)
 Encourage regular medical and dental checkups.
 Teaching self examination for breast and testicular cancer
 Assessing the growth and development of children.
 Nursing assessment and care provided in home, hospital, or other agency
to prevent complications (e.g maintaining skin integrity, Turning ,
positioning, and excercis8ng clients, ensuring adequate rest, food, and
fluid intake, promoting fecal and urinary elimination, administering
medical therapies such as medication and so on.
 Tertiary Prevention
 begins after an illness, when a defect or disability
9s fixed, stabilize, or determined, to be irreversible.
It's focus is to help rehabilitate individuals and
restore them to an optimum level of function
within the constraints of the disability
Example
 Reffering a client who has diabetes to
identify and prevent complications.
 Teaching a client who has diabetes to
identify and prevent complications.