MAPEH(MUSIC)

2ND Q. Afro – Latin American Music

 HISTORY OF AFRO - LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

The origins of Latin American music can be traced back to the

Spanish and Portuguese conquest of the Americans in the 16th
century, when the European settlers brought their music from
overseas. Latin America is comprised of different regions such as
the Caribbean Islands, Mexico, Central and South America. Latin
American music is performed in Spanish, Portuguese, and to a lesser
extent, French.
CHARACTERISTIC OF AFRO – LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC

1.CONVERSATION
“Call and Response” a performance of voice interaction as an answer to the
first chant.
2. IMPROVISATION
Non scripted way of singing that allow for sincere conversation. It is also
a framework where the artist has freedom in creating the musical mood.

3. THE VOICE AS INSTRUMENT

It is the manipulation of freely controlled piece where they can change the
tone of voice, its tempo, the creation moods, and even changing the range
and voice power.
4. THE INSTRUMENT AS A VOICE
The instrument serves as a “singer” along with the performer.
AFRICAN MUSIC
 How do you define African music?

African music, the musical sounds and practices of

all indigenous peoples of Africa, including the
Berber in the Sahara and the San (Bushmen) and
Khoikhoin (Hottentot) in Southern Africa. The
music of European settler communities and that of
Arab North Africa are not included in the present
discussion.
It permeates African life and has a function, a role
to play in society; songs are used for religious
ceremonies and rituals, to teach and give
guidance, to tell stories, to mark the stages of
life and death and to provide political guidance
or express discontent.
 MARACATU

Is the ceremony of the coronation of the black kings in 1674 in

Recife. This coronation of a king in Congo when the Portuguese were
still the ruling government in brazil was about dedicating a king who
will represent the African slaves to their masters. Each king is a
representative of a nation or tribe. This designation of kings is
called Maracatu nacao.

BAQUE OR TOQUE- is considered as the rhythmic pattern used in

maracatu. This rhythm uses the toada, which is the singing part of
maracatu.
 VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC

1. BLUES

A gloomy folk music of African American origin, which is naturally in

twelve bar order. The blues is a type of music which was
developed by African American musicians in the southern United
States. It is characterized by a slow tempo and a strong rhythm.

2. SOUL
A kind of music combining the basics of rhythm and blues gospel
music, which was popularized by the African – Americans. It is
characterized by vocal emphasis and emotional and improvised
delivery.
3. SPIRITUAL- This kind of music always with Christian or
religious theme.
• Monophonic in nature and
• they are an expression of spiritual devotion and a desire for
freedom from bondage.

4. CALL AND RESPONSE- A sequence of two different

phrases usually played by two or more musicians. It is direct
response from the first phrases.
LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC
 What is Latin American music?

• Latin American music are influenced by the united states

and other countries in Europe like Spain and Portugal .

• It is a combination of four musical elements: musical

styles, cultural backgrounds, language, and
geography.

• some of the musical styles are: tango, bossa nova,

merengue, and salsa and also of other genres such as:
reggae, jazz, rock, and Latin pop.
 Instrument used in Latin American music

BOMBO – a dual headed drum made from a deep tree trunk

with patches made up of calf or goat skin; it is played using
two sticks.

CHAJCHAS – it is a rattle made up of dried

hooves from sheep, llama, goat, and is worn with
a wrist cloth bracelet.
 ZAMPOÑAS – it is a pan pipe-type of reed made from pieces of
bamboo that are tied together.

CHARANGO – a ten string instrument made from the shell

of armadillo.
QUENA – a flute made up of bones or
bamboo that has vertical – notched reed.

CAJON – a rectangular box made of

wood; it is played and used as a drum.
It is used by tapping its front part while
the musicians sits on it
MARACAS – these instrument is made of gourd-
like coconut shells with beans, seeds, or small
pebbles placed inside; they are played by shaking.

CLAVES- these are a pair of hardwood sticks

played by striking them together.