Introduction to HTML: Key Elements Explained

INTRODUTION TO
HTML
Explained By : sneha K M
WHAT IS HTML ?
 HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages
 Pages end with “.htm” or “.html”
WEB BROWSERS
 The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and

display them as web pages.
 With a web browser, one can view web pages that may contain text,
images, videos, and other multimedia and navigate between them
via hyperlinks.
 The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to
determine how the content of the HTML page is to be
presented/displayed to the user.
 The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3 and
commonly known as the Web)is a system of
interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
HTML EDITORS
HTML can be edited by using a professional

HTML editor like:
Adobe Dreamweaver
Microsoft Expression Web
Coffe Cup HTML Editor
Notepad++/Notepad
TAGS <HTML>
 HTML Tags are always written within angles brackets.

It is a piece of text is used to identify an element so that the browser
realizes how to display its contents.
<HTML>
Tag indicates the start of an HTML document .
 </HTML>
Most HTML tags have two parts, an opening tag and closing tag. The
closing tag is the same as the opening tag, except for the slash
HTML tag can be two types.
 -Paired Tags :A tag is said to be a paired tag if text is placed between a tag
and its companions tag.In paired tag ,the first tag is referred to as opening tag
and the second tag is referred to as closing tag.
 -Unpaired Tags: An unpaired tag does not have a companion tag .unpaired
tag also known as singular or Stand-Alone tags.
<br>,<hr> etc.
ATTRIBUTES
 Attribute is the property of a tag that specified in the opening

angle brackets.
 It supplies additional information like color,size,font-style etc to
the browser about a tag.
 Most of the common attributes are height,
color,width,src,border,align etc.
 Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name=“value”.
HTML ELEMENTS
 HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

 An HTML element is everything from the start tag to end tag.
 the start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often
called the closing tag
 HTML elements with no content are called Empty Elements.
 <br> is an empty element without a closing tag.
An HTML document has two distinct parts
HEAD and BODY
 <HTML>
 <HEAD>
 .............
 .............
 .............
 </HEAD>
 <BODY>
 .............
 .............
 .............
 </BODY>
 </HTML>
HEAD Tag <HEAD>
 HEAD tag comes after the HTML start tag. It contains TITLE tag
to give the document a title that displays on the browsers title bar
at the top. The Format is:
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Your title goes here
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
BODY Tag <BODY>
 The BODY tag contains all the text and graphics of the document
with all the HTML tags that are used for control and formatting
of the page. The Format is:
<BODY>
Your Document goes here
</BODY>
HEADING: <H1>.............<H6>tags
 HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to

specify section headings. Text with header tags is displayed in
larger and bolder fonts than the normal body text by a web
browser. Every .header leaves a blank line above and below it
when displayed in browse.
Example: An HTML document, headings.html
shows the different section headings
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>
Section Heading
</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> This is Section Heading 1 </H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Viewing output of HTML document
headings.html in browse
This is Section Heading 1

Attributes used with <BODY>
 BGCOLOR: used to set the background color for the

document Example:
<BODY BGCOLOR="yellow">
Your document text goes here.
</BODY>
 TEXT: used to set the color of the text of the document
Example:
<BODY TEXT="red">Introduction to HTML:: 77
Document text changed to red color
</BODY>
TEXT TAGS
 Text tag are dividing into two categories as:

-Character-level tags and attributes which applies to formatting of
individual letters or words.
-Paragraph level tags and attributes which apply
To formatting of sections of text.
The most common character
formatting tags are
 Boldface <B>: displays text in BOLD
Example: Welcome to the <B> Internet World </B>
Output: Welcome to the Internet World
 Italics <I>: displays text in Italic
Example: Welcome to the <I> Internet World </I>
 Superscript <SUB>: >: displays text in Superscript
 Small <SMALL>: displays text in smaller font as compared to normal font
 Big <BIG>: displays text in larger font as compared to normal font
 Underline<U>specifies that the enclosed text be underline
Example:<U> hello</u>
Output: hello
Font Colors and Size:<FONT>
 By using <FONT> Tag one can specify the colors, size of the
text. Example:
<FONT> Your text goes here </FONT>
Attributes of <FONT> are:
- COLOR: Sets the color of the text that will appear on the
screen. It can be set by giving the value as #rr0000 for red (in RGB
hexadecimal format), or by name. Example: <FONT
COLOR="RED"> Your text goes here </FONT>
16 BASIC COLORS
Font Colors and Size
 SIZE: Sets the size of the text, takes value between 1 and
7, default is 3. Size can also be set relative to default size
for example; SIZE=+X, where X is any integer value and it will add
with the default size.
Example:
<FONT SIZE=5> Font Size changes to 5 </FONT>
 FACE: Sets the normal font type, provided it is installed on the
user’s machine.
Example:
<FONT FACE="ARIAL"> the text will be displayed in
Arial</FONT>
MARQUEE TAG
 This tag is used text horizontally across the screen.it is mainly

used to deliver a specific message to the visitor or to scroll Ads
on a page.
Example: <marquee> hello world></marquee>
Attributes of marquee tag
 Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.

 Direction :Sets the direction of the marquee box to either left-to-
right, right-to-left, up-to-down and down-to-up.
 Width: This sets how wide the marquee should be.
 Loop: This sets how many times the marquee should 'Loop' its
text. Each trip counts as one loop.
paragraph Formatting Tag
 Paragraph level formatting applies to formatting of an entire
portion of text unlike character level tags where only individual
letters or words are formatted.
The most common paragraph

formatting tags are
 Using paragraph tag: <P>
This tag < P > indicates a paragraph ,used to separate two
paragraphs with a blank line.
 Example:
<P> Welcome to the world of HTML </P>
Using Line Break Tag: <BR>
 The empty tag <BR> is used, where the text needs to start from a
new line and not continue on the same line. To get every sentence on
a new line, it is necessary to use a line break.
Example:
<BODY>National Institute of Open Schooling <BR>
B-31B, Calipash Colony <BR>
New Delhi-110048</BODY>
Output:
National Institute of Open Schooling
B-31B, Calipash Colony
New Delhi-11004
Using Horizontal Rule Tag: <HR>
 An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal

rules. It can be used to separate two sections of text.
Example:
<BODY>
Your horizontal rule goes here. <HR>
The rest of the text goes here.
</BODY>
Output:
Your horizontal rule goes here.
The rest of the text goes her

LIST ELEMENTS
 HTML supplies several list elements. Most list elements are composed of
one or more <LI> (List Item) elements.
 <UL> : Unordered List. Items in this list start with a list mark such as a
bullet. Browsers will usually change the list mark in nested lists.
<UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
 List item …
 List item …
You have the choice of three bullet types: disc(default), circle, square.
<OL>: Ordered List
Items in this list are numbered automatically by the browser
</OL>
</OL>
1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item…
You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute to one of five numbering
styles.
You can specify a starting number for an ordered list.
<OL TYPE =“i”>

</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>

</OL>
IMAGES
 <IMG>This element defines a graphic image on the page.
 Image File (SRC:source): This value will be a URL

(location of the image)
E.g. http://www.domain.com/dir/file.ext or /dir/file.txt.
 Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field that describes an

image or acts as a label. It is displayed when they position
the cursor over a graphic image.
 Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to align the image

on your page.
HOW TO MAKE A LINK
1) The tags used to produce links are the <A>

and </A>. The <A> tells where the link should start and
the </A> indicates where the link ends. Everything between
these two will work as a link.
2) The example below shows how to make the word

Here work as a link to yahoo.
Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">here</A> to

go to yahoo.
TABLES
 The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four sub-elements:

1. Table Row<TR></TR>.
2. Table Header <TH></TH>.
3. Table Data <TD></TD>.
4. Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>.
Example:
<table border=“1”>
<tr>
<th> Column 1 header </th>
<th> Column 2 header </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row1, Col1 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
TABLE DATA And TABLE HEADER
Attributes
<Table border=1 cellpadding =2>

<tr> <th> Column 1 Header</th> <th> Column 2 Header</th>
</tr>
<tr> <td colspan=2> Row 1 Col 1</td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan=2>Row 2 Col 1</td>
<td> Row 2 Col2</td> </tr>
<tr> <td> Row 3 Col2</td> </tr>
</table>
FORMS
Forms add the ability to web pages to not only provide the person
viewing the document with dynamic information but also to obtain
information from the person viewing it, and process the information.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1.Create a FORM.
2.Add elements to a FORM.
3.Specify an action for the FORM.
Forms work in all browsers.
Forms are Platform Independent
To insert a form we use the <FORM></FORM> tags. The rest of the form elements
must be inserted in between the form tags.
<HTML> <HEAD>
<TITLE> Sample Form</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY BGCOLOR=“FFFFFF”>
<FORM>
<P> First Name: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” NAME=“name” MAXLENGTH=“50”>
</P>
<P> <INPUT TYPE=“SUBMIT” NAME=“submit”> </P>
</FORM>
</BODY> </HTML>
Example
FORM ELEMENTS
 <INPUT> Element’s Properties

 TYPE= Type of INPUT entry field.
 NAME = Variable name passed to CGI application
 VALUE= The data associated with the variable
 name to be passed to the CGI application
 CHECKED= Button/box checked
 SIZE= Number of visible characters in text field
COMMENTS
 

<This is a regular paragraph>
END

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INTRODUTION TO

 The purpose of a web browser is to read HTML documents and

HTML can be edited by using a professional

 HTML Tags are always written within angles brackets.

 Attribute is the property of a tag that specified in the opening

 HTML documents are defined by HTML elements.

 HTML has six header tags <H1>, <H2>...........<H6> used to

This is Section Heading 1

 BGCOLOR: used to set the background color for the

 Text tag are dividing into two categories as:

 This tag is used text horizontally across the screen.it is mainly

 Bgcolor : Sets the background color of the marquee.

The most common paragraph

 An empty tag <HR> basically used to draw lines and horizontal

The rest of the text goes her

<OL TYPE =“i”>

<P> text ….</P>

<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>

 Image File (SRC:source): This value will be a URL

 Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field that describes an

 Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to align the image

1) The tags used to produce links are the <A>

2) The example below shows how to make the word

Click <A HREF="http://www.yahoo.com">here</A> to

 The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four sub-elements:

<Table border=1 cellpadding =2>

 <INPUT> Element’s Properties



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