Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

ADHD

Prepared by:
Amal najat
Nada ismail
Esra muhsin
outline
• Introduction
• types
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Diagnoses
• Treatment
 Introduction:
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a chronic
neurodevelopmental condition that impacts the brain’s executive
functions.

• It affects around 6–10% of children and is the most common

neurodevelopmental condition in childhood.

• is more commonly diagnosed in men than in women.

Types:
There are three different ways ADHD presents itself, depending on which
types of symptoms are strongest in the individual:

• Predominantly inattentive type.

• Predominantly hyperactive/impulsive type.

• Combined type.
 Symptoms
The symptoms of ADHD are spelled out in the fifth edition of the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), which lists
nine symptoms that suggest ADHD–Primarily Inattentive and nine that
suggest ADHD–Primarily Hyperactive/Impulsive.

Signs of inattention may include challenges with:

Signs of hyperactivity and impulsivity may include:

 Causes:
What causes ADHD?
1.Genetics or Heredity: ADHD is a highly heritable condition.

2.Environmental Factors: ex; stress, trauma, toxins

3.Disruption of Development: Brain injury or events that affect the central

nervous system during development.
 Diagnosis:
Diagnosis for adhd is a difficult process especially in adults There isn't one specific
thing that can tell you that you have ADHD. Instead, your doctor will make a diagnosis
based on information from a number of sources.

1. Find the Right Doctor

2. Tests and Exams

3. Impact on Your Life

4. Clues in the Past

Last step: getting diagnosed
 Treatment:
• ADHD can be treated using medicine or therapy.

• ADHD Medication

• The two main types of medication used to treat ADHD are stimulants and non-
stimulants.

• Central nervous system (CNS) stimulants, like Ritalin or Adderall

• Non-stimulant ADHD medicationslike Strattera or Intuniv.

• these medicines are not a permanent cure for ADHD.

 Therapy
different therapies can be useful in treating ADHD in adults such as:
• Psychoeducation
• Behaviour therapy
• Social skills training
• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
 Refrences:
• Faraone, S. V., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Zheng, Y., Biederman, J., Bellgrove, M. A., . . . Wang, Y. (2021). The World Federation
of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience &
Biobehavioral Reviews. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
• Data & Statistics.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ed. Center for Disease Control. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention, 14 Feb. 2017. Web. 14 Mar. 2017.
• Association, American Psychiatric, ed. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5. Washington: American
Psychiatric, 2014.
• Thapar, Anita, and Evangelia Stergiakouli. “An Overview on the Genetics of ADHD.” Xin li xue bao. Acta psychologica Sinica
(Aug. 2008)
• Donzelli, G., et al.”The Association between Lead and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review.”
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. January 2019, 16:3. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16030382
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health. (2021).
Depression (NIH Publication No. 21-MH-8079). Bethesda, MD: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Thanks