GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS

• Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a condition in

which a hormone made by the placenta prevents the
body from using insulin effectively. Glucose builds up in
the blood instead of being absorbed by the cells.
Signs and symptoms
 RISK FACTORS

• Advanced maternal age above 30 yrs

• Over weight
• Obesity
• Family history of diabetes
• Previous history of GDM
• Recurrent abortions
• Stillbirth history
• Congenital abnormalities
PREGNANCY-INDUCED HYPERTENSION (PIH)
• It is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and
diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg.
 CLASSIFICATION

• It is classified as
• MILD(SBP 140-149 and DBP 90-99 mmHg),
• MODERATE (SBP 150-159 and DBP 100-109 mmHg)
• SEVERE (SBP ≥ 160 and DBP ≥ 110 mmHg).
COMPLICATIONS
 DIAGNOSIS OF PRE ECLAMPSIA

• CBC (Complete blood count )

• Platelet count test
• LFT
• RFT
• 24 hrs urine sample collection
 ECLAMPSIA
• Eclampsia is the new onset of seizures or coma
in a pregnant woman with pre eclampsia
CAUSES OF ECLAMPSIA

• Hypoxia
• Cerebral hemorrhage and cerebral edema
• Cerebral dysrhythmia
• Disseminated intravascular coagulation in
cerebral micro circulation
PREMONITORY STAGE

• Women loses the conciousness

• The muscle of face, tongue and limbs
start twitching and eye balls roll
• It last for 30 seconds
 Tonic stage

• Tonic means stiffening, and clonic means

rhythmical jerking.
• The tonic phase comes first.
•  All the muscles stiffen.
• The person loses consciousness and falls to the
floor.
• It last for 30 seconds
 CLONIC STAGE
• Voluntary muscles of the women undergo
contraction and relaxation, twitching starts in
face, then on one side of the extremities and then
to the whole body, biting of
toungue occurs
• Frothy secretions and cyanosis
• It last for 1-4 minutes
STAGE OF COMA

• It may last to long period or in other coma

that continues till the next convulsion and
cannot remember the events
 DIAGNOSIS

• Full blood count

• Urea and electrolytes
• LFT
• Abdominal USG
• Clotting studies
• Blood glucose level