Advanced Mathematics

Feng Yan
Email: frank_feng8848@163.com
 Chapter 1 Algebra
1. Set and inequality

2. The simple logics

3. Mapping and function

4. Trigonometric function and inverse

trigonometric function
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 Chapter 1 Algebra
5. The trigonometric functions of the sum
and difference between two angles

6. Sequence of numbers

7. The complex number

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 Part 1 Set and inequality
• Set

• The properties of inequality

• The solution of inequality

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
1. One variable quadratic inequality
2
The form of an inequality like ax  bx  c  0( 0)
2
or ax  bx  c  0( 0) calls the one variable
quadratic inequality.

The way to solve such inequality is mainly based

on its graph (or parabola).

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
Here we suppose a  0 , the one variable
2
quadratic equation ax  bx  c  0 has two
roots x1 , x2 . The graph of this equation have
three situations:

x1 x2 x1  x2

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0 0
NUIST
0 6
 1.3 The solution of inequality
• When   b 2  4ac  0 , there are 2
intersections (x1 , x2 ) between parabola and X
axis, suppose x1  x2 , then the Set of solutions
2
of inequality ax  bx  c  0 is
{x  R | x  x1 or x  x2 } , the set of solutions
2
of inequality ax  bx  c  0 is
{x  R | x1  x  x2 }

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
• When   b 2  4ac  0 , there is 1 intersection
b
( x1  x2   ) between parabola and X axis,
2a
then the set of solutions of inequality
b
ax  bx  c  0 {x  R | x   }
2

is 2 a
ax  bx  c , the
2
0 setR of
solutions of inequality ax 2  bxis c , 0
the
set of solution of inequality
is .

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
• When   b 2  4ac  0 , there is no
intersections between parabola and X axis,
then the set of solutions of inequality
2
ax  bx  c  0 R
2
ax isbx , the
c  set
0 of solutions of
inequality is .

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
Example 1 Try to solve the following inequalities.
(1) 4 x 2  4 x  15
2
Solution 4 x  4 x  15 
4 x 2  4 x  15  0 (  0)  (2 x  5)(2 x  3)  0
5 3
 ( x  )( x  )  0
2 2
According to graph, the set of solution is
5 3
{x  R | x  or x   }
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 1.3 The solution of inequality
(2)  x 2  x  1  0

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
(3) 4 x  1  4 x 2

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
2. Fractional inequality
The form that the denominator contains
1 1
unknown x calls the fraction. Such as , 2 .
x x 1
The inequality, which contain fraction, calls the
fractional inequality.

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
To be noted: It is incorrect to times a factor that
contain x when solve the fractional inequality.
x 1
Example 2 Try to solve  1
x

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
We are now listing the solutions of 4 typical
fractional inequalities.
f ( x)
1. 0
g ( x)
f ( x)  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  0,
0 or   f ( x)  g ( x)  0
g ( x)  g ( x)  0;  g ( x)  0;
f ( x)
2. 0
g ( x)
f ( x)  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  0,
0 or   f ( x)  g ( x)  0
g ( x)
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 g ( x)  0;  gNUIST
( x)  0;
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 1.3 The solution of inequality
f ( x)
3. 0
g ( x)
f ( x)  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  g ( x)  0,
0 or  
g ( x)  g ( x)  0;  g ( x)  0;  g ( x)  0.
f ( x)
4. 0
g ( x)
f ( x)  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  0,  f ( x)  g ( x)  0,
0 or  
g ( x)  g ( x)  0;  g ( x)  0;  g ( x)  0.

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
x2 1
Example 3 Try to solve 2
0
inequality . x  5x  6

Solution x2 1 ( x  1)( x  1)
2
0 0
x  5x  6 ( x  2)( x  3)
 ( x  1)( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)  0

According to the signs of 4 factors of left part of

Inequality, we get a table.

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
(, 1) (1,1) (1, 2) (2,3) (3, )
x 1     
x 1     
x2     

x3     
( x  1)( x  1)
    
( x  2)( x  3)

so the set of solution is

{x  R | 1  x  1 or 2< x  3}   
1  1 2  3
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 1.3 The solution of inequality
x2  2x  3
Example 4 Try to solve 2
0
inequality . x  4x  3

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
3. Absolute value inequality

Definition of absolute value: In number axis, real

number and points are one-to-one corresponding.
|a| means the distance between a and origin.
|a| |a|

a 0 a x

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
Like the figure before.
 a, a  0

There is | a |  0, a  0
  a, a  0

According to the definition, we have
a |a|
| a  b || a |  | b |,| | (b  0)
b |b|

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
To a positive number a, we can draw the
conclusions from figures.

a 0 a x a 0 a x

| x | a  a  x  a.
| x | a  x  a or x  a

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
Example 5 Try to solve the absolute value
Inequality | 2 x  3 | 3 .

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
Example 6 Try to solve the absolute value
2
inequality | x  5 x | 6 .

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
All in all, for a  0, the solutions of inequalities
| f ( x) | a | f ( x) | a f ( x)
or always seem as a
whole, then get the solution by properties,
which
| f ( x) |means
a  f ( x)  a or f ( x)  a;
| f ( x) | a  a  f ( x)  a.

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 1.3 The solution of inequality
The inequalities that contain absolute value
have properties as follows:
Theorem 1 (Triangle inequality):
| a |  | b || a  b || a |  | b | .
Conclusion 1: | a1  a2  a3 || a1 |  | a2 |  | a3 |;

Conclusion 2: || a |  | b ||| a  b || a |  | b | .

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