1

2019 RVHS H2 Maths Prelim P1 Solutions

1 Solution [5] Inequality

2x 1 2x 1
    0 --------------- (1)
x  5 x 1 x  5 x 1
Then, we have
2x2  2x  x  5
0
( x  5)( x  1)
2 x 2  3x  5
0
( x  5)( x  1)
(2 x  5)( x  1)
0
( x  5)( x  1)
Applying number line test:

+  +  +
x
5 1 1 5
2

Therefore, the solution to inequality (1) is

5
5  x  1 or 1  x  .
2
Next, we replace ‘ ’ by ‘ x ’ in inequality (1)
x
2x 1
to obtain   0 -------------- (2)
x  5 x 1
Thus, the solution to inequality (2) correspondingly is
5
5  x  1 or 1  x 
2
5
i.e. 5  x  1 (NA) or 1  x 
2
Thus, the solution to inequality (2) is
5 5
  x  1 or 1  x  .
2 2

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2 Solution [8] Maclaurin’s Series

(i)
dy cos x

dx 2y
dy
2y  cos x
dx
Diff Implicitly w.r.t x,
d2 y dy dy
2y 2  2   sin x
dx dx dx
2
d2 y  dy 
2y 2  2     sin x
dx  dx 
When x = 0, y = 2 (GIVEN)
dy 1
Hence 
dx 4
2
d2 y 1
(2)(2) 2  2    0
dx 4
d2 y 1
2

dx 32

Using the Maclaurin’s formula,

1 x2 1
y  2  x( )  ( )  ...
4 2! 32
x x2
 2   ( up to the x 2 term)
4 64

Equation of tangent at x  0 :
1
y  2 x
4
(ii)
dy cos x

dx 2y

 2 y dy   cos x dx
y 2  sin x  C
Subst (0, 2), then C  4
y   4  sin x
Since x  0 and y  2,
 y  4  sin x

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(iii)
y  4  sin x
1
=  4  sin x  2
1
  4  x  2 (since x is small)
1
 x 2
=2 1  
 4
 1  1  x 
2

     
 1 x 2  2  4 
 2 1 .   ... 
 2 4 2! 
 
 
2
x x
 2 
4 64

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3 Solution [8] Curve Sketching

(i)
Since x  3 is an asymptote,
2(3)2  b  0
b  18
9 
C passes through  ,0  implies
2 
9
2   a  0
2
a9

(ii)

A(1.15, 0.436)
B(7.85, 0.0637)
C(4.50, 0.00)

dy
TO find stationary points, set 0
dx

And work through the maths to do it. There should be 2

stationary points. This is actually the most important part.
The rest is the axes intercepts (let x=0 and then let y=0),
identify the asymptotes. And the shape is important –
especially the part on moving as close to the asymptote as
possible.

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(iii)

 x  8
2
y2

 1 is the ellipse with centre at (8, 0) , with
h2 102
axes of length h and 10.
Horizontal width need to be at least 8  4  12 units.
Therefore h  12 , for 6 distinct points of intersections.

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4 Solution [10] Functions

(i)
ax  b a
Let y  ,x , x 
cx  a c
y (cx  a )  ax  b
x(cy  a )  ay  b
ay  b
x
cy  a
Replacing y by x,
ax  b a
 f 1 ( x)  , x , x 
cx  a c
ax  b
Since f (x) = f 1 (x) = , f is self-inverse. (SHOWN)
cx  a

(ii)
f ( x)  f 1 ( x)
Composing function f on both sides,
ff ( x)  ff 1 ( x)
f 2 ( x)  x
a  a 
Df 2  \  , Rf2 
\ 
c  c 
 a a 
or present as R f 2 =  ,    ,  
 c c 
(iii)
f 1 ( x)  x
ax  b
x
cx  a
ax  b  cx 2  ax
cx 2  2ax  b  0
2a b
x2  x 0
c c
2 2
 a b a
x    
 c c c

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a bc  a 2
x 
c c2
a bc  a 2 a bc  a 2
x  or 
c c2 c c2
a  bc  a 2 a  bc  a 2
 or
c c

(iv)
Now, a =2, b = 5 and c = 3
2x  5 2
f(x)  , x , x 
3x  2 3
g(x)  e  2, x 
x

FACT: For fg to exist , need R g  Df to hold ,

2
R g  (2, )  \    Df
3

fg does exist.

(v)
g
2 9
f
Dg  Rg   2,  
Rfg   , 
3 4
2 9
Therefore Range of fg is  , 
3 4

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5 Solution [7] MOD

(i)
e x  e x
tanh x  x  x
e e
e x (1  e 2 x )
 x
e (1  e 2 x )
1  e2 x

1  e2 x
(ii)
 1  1
f(n +1)  f (n)  [sinh x][sech  n   x][sech  n   x ]
 2  2
N N
 1  1

n 1
f(n+1)  f (n)  (sinh x)[sech  n   x][sech  n   x]
n 1  2  2
N
 1  1 1 N

n 1
[sech  n   x][sech  n   x] 
 2  2
 f(n+1)  f (n)
sinh x n1
1 N
Sn   f(n+1)  f (n)
sinh x n 1
 f(2)  f(1) 
 
 f(3)  f(2) 
1  f(4)  f(3) 
  
sinh x  ... 
 f(N )  f(N  1) 
 
 f(N +1)  f(N ) 
1
  f(N +1)  f(1) 
sinh x
 1 1 
  cosech x   tanh( N + ) x  tanh( ) x 
 2 2 
1
 A N 
2

(iii)
S
N
  1    1 
 lim  sech  n  x   sech  n  x  
N 
n 1   2    2 
  1 1 
 lim  cosech x   tanh  N   x  tanh   x 
N 
  2 2 

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Consider
 1
lim tanh  N   x
N 
 2
 1
2 N   x
1 e  2
 lim  1
N  2 N   x
1 e  2

1

 1
Since tanh  N   x  1 as N   , therefore S  exists.
 2
S
 1 
  cosech x  1  tanh   x 
 2 
1
P 1, Q 
2

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6 Solution [11] Complex Numbers

(a)
(1  i) z 2  z  (2  2i)  0
1  1  4(1  i)(2  2i)
z
2  2i
1  1  8(1  i)(1  i)

2  2i
1  1  8(2)

2  2i
1  15i
      *
2  2i
1  15i 1  15i
 or
2  2i 2  2i
(1  15i)(2  2i) (1  15i)(2  2i)
 or
(2  2i)(2  2i) (2  2i)(2  2i)
(1  15) +i(  1  15) (1  15) +i(  1  15)
 or
4 4
(ii)
z 4  2 z 3  z 2  az  b  0 ---- (*)
Sub z  1  2i into (*),
1  2i   2 1  2i   1  2i   a 1  2i   b  0
4 3 2

 7  24i   2  11  2i    3  4i   a(1  2i)  b  0

12  a  b   (2a  16)i  0
Comparing the real and imaginary coefficients:
2a  16  0 ---- (1)
12  a  b  0 ---- (2)

Solving (1) & (2):

a  8 , b  20

Therefore
z 4  2 z 3  z 2  8 z  20  0
Using GC:
z  1  2i , 1  2i , 2 , 2
(ii) Alternative Method
f ( z)  z 4  2 z 3  z 2  8z  20
Since 1 + 2i is a root of f(z)=0, and the polynomial have all

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real coefficients, this imply 1  2i is also a root.

Hence
z 4  2 z 3  z 2  az  b  ( z  (1  2i))( z  (1  2i))( z 2  pz  q )
 (( z  1)  2i)(( z  1)  2i)( z 2  pz  q )
 (( z  1) 2  4)( z 2  pz  q)
 ( z 2  2 z  5)( z 2  pz  q )
Equating coeff of z3 in f(z):
2 = p – 2. Hence p = 0
Equating coeff of z2 in f(z):
1 = q – 2 p + 5 . Hence q = – 4

Now
z 4  2 z 3  z 2  az  b  ( z 2  2 z  5)( z 2  4)
Equating coeff of z in f(z):
a= 8
Equating constant in f(z):
b = –20
Hence a = 8 and b = –20

f ( z)  0
( z 2  2 z  5)( z 2  4)  0
Hence the other 2 roots are 2

z 4  2 z 3  z 2  az  b  0 ----(1)
Let z  iw
w4  2iw3  w2  8iw  20  0 ----(2)
1
Therefore w  z  w  iz
i
w  i 1  2i  , i 1  2i  , i  2  , i  2 
w  i  2, i  2, 2i,  2i

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Question 7 [10] Integration

(i) When the left height of a rectangle is used,
area of region
π 6 π 2π 3π 4π 
  0  sin  sin 6  sin 6  sin 6 
10  10 10 10 10 
π
 1.0625  0.10625π
10

When the right height of a rectangle is used,

area of region
π 6 π 2π 3π 4π 5π 
  sin  sin 6  sin 6  sin 6  sin 6 
10  10 10 10 10 10 
π
  2.0625   0.20625π
10

Thus, 0.10625π  A  0.20625π.

(ii) π
I n   2 sin 2 n x dx
0
π
  sin x sin 2 n 1 x dx
2
0
π π
   cos x sin 2 n 1 x  2   2 cos x  2n  1 sin 2 n  2 x cos x dx
0 0
π
  2n  1  cos 2 x sin 2 n  2 x dx
2
0
π
  2n  1  2 1  sin 2 x  sin 2 n  2 x dx
0
π
  2n  1  sin 2 n  2 x  sin 2 n x dx
2
0

  2n  1 I n 1  I n 
 I n   2n  1 I n   2n  1 I n 1
2n  1
 In  I n1
2n

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I2
3
 I1
4
 3  1 
    I 0
 4  2 
π
 3  1 
     2 1 dx,
 4  2  0
 3  1  π 
    
 4  2  2 
3
 π (Shown)
16

Area of region
I3
5
 I2
6
 5  3 
   π 
 6  16 
5
 π
32

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8 Solution [13] Vectors

(i)
1 1
   
p1 : r   5   4 , p2 : r   1  4
 4 1
   
Since the two normal vectors are not parallel to each other,
the 2 planes are not parallel and hence intersecting.

From GC,
3
x  4        (1)
2
1
y         (2)
2
z       (3)
 4  3
 
Hence : r   0     1  where  
0  2 
   
x4 z
 y
3 2
(ii)
 4  3
 
p3 contains : r   0     1  and point Q(5,3, 6) .
0  2 
   

Let T denote the point  4, 0, 0  .

 4   5   1   3
       
QT   0    3    3  and  1  are 2 direction vectors
 0   6   6   2 
       
parallel to p3 .

 1   3   0  0
       
Consider  3    1    16   8  2 
 6   2   8  1
       
0
 
Therefore n   2  is a normal vector to p3 .
1
 

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 4  0
   
r n   0 2  0
0 1
   
0
p3 : r   2   0
1
 
p3 : 2 y  z  0

Geometrical Relationship:
3 planes/intersect at the common line l .

(iii)
1
 
p2 : r.  1  4 ---- (1)
1
 
Let N be the foot of perpendicular of S  0, 2, 0  on p2 .
Let l NS be the line passing through points N and S .
0 1
   
lNS : r   2     1 ,   ---- (2)
0 1
   
Sub (2) into (1):
 0   1   1 
     
 2     1  .  1  4 ---- (*)
 0   1   1 
   
2  3  4
2

 0  1   2
     
ON   2   2  1   0  ---- (2)
 0  1   2
     

Let S  be the point of reflection of S in p2 .

N is the midpoint of SS  .
1

ON  OS  OS 
2

OS   2ON  OS

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 2  0  4 
     
OS   2  0    2    2 
 2  0  4 
     

Let m be the line of reflection of m in p2 .

The point T  4, 0, 0  lying on m also lies on p2 .
Therefore T  4, 0, 0  also lies on m .

m passes through T  4, 0, 0  and S   4, 2, 4 

 4  4   4  
      
m : r   0     0    2   ,  
0  0   4  
 
 4 0
   
m : r   0     2  ,  
0  4 
   
 4 0
   
m : r   0     1  ,  
0  2 
   

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9 Solution [13] APGP

(i)
We first observe the following pattern:
Month Beginning ($) End ($)
Jan’ 2019 5000 50001.01
Feb’2019 50001.01100 (50001.01100)1.01
Mar’2019 50001.01 100 (50001.0121001.01
2

1.01100 100)1.01
Thus, by the end of March 2019, John’s account is left with
$(50001.0131001.0121001.01)
= $4948.50
(ii)
From (i), we can deduce that by the end of the n th month,
the money left in John’s saving account is
5000 1.01n  100 1.01n 1  100 1.01n  2  ....  100 1.01
 5000 1.01n  100 1.011  1.01  1.012  ...  1.01n  2 
11.01n 1  1
 5000 1.01  100 1.01
n

1.01  1
 5000 1.01  10000 1.01 1.01n 1  1
n

 10100  5000 1.01n  10000 1.01n

 100 101  50 1.01n  (shown)
(iii)
Consider 100 101  50  1.01n   0
 50 1.01n  101
101
 1.01n 
50
 n  70.66
Thus, it will take Mr Tan 71 months to deplete his saving
account and it will be by November of 2024.

Alternative solution using table:

n Amt left in account
70 66.18  0
71 34.16  0
Account depleted in the 71st month.

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(iv)
The amount of interest earned by Mrs Tan’s for each
subsequent month forms an AP: 10, 10+5, 10+25,…..
i.e. an AP with first term 10 and common difference 5
Thus, by the end of n th month, the total amount of money
in Mrs Tan’s saving account
n
 3000  50n   2(10)  5( n  1) 
2
=  3000  50n  10n  2.5n( n  1)
 3000  57.5n  2.5n 2
For Mrs Tan’s account to be more than Mr Tan’s, we let
3000  57.5n  2.5n2  100 101  50 1.01n  ---- (*)
Then using GC: we have
n LHS of (*) RHS of (*)
14 4295 4352.6
15 4425 4295.2
16 4560 4327.1
It takes 15 months from Jan 2019 for Mrs’ Tan’s account to
exceed that of Mr Tan.
Thus, it is by end of March 2020 that Mrs Tan’s account
will first be more than that of Mr Tan’s.

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10 Solution [13] DE
(i)
Based on the given information, we have
dN
 2  kN , k  R
dt
dN
Since it is given that  1.5 when N = 3,
dt
1
we have 1.5 = 2 3k  k  .
6
dN 1 dN
Thus,  2 N  6  12  N (shown)
dt 6 dt
(ii)
dN
Now, 6  12  N
dt
dN 1
   dt
12  N 6
ln 12  N 1
  t c
1 6
1
 ln 12  N   t  C
6
Then, we have
1
 t C
12  N  e 6

1
 t C
 12  N   e 6

1
 t
 12  N  Ae 6
where A  eC
Next, given that when t  0 , N  1 , we have
A  12  1  11 .
Hence, the required equation connecting N and t is
1
 t
N  12  11e 6

(iii)
1
 t
Let 12  11e 6
6

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1
 t
11e 6
6
1
 t 6
e 6

11
1 6
  t  ln  
6  11 
 t  3.64
Thus, a minimum of 4 years are needed for the number of
flying fox to first exceed 6000.
(iv)
N/thousands

12

0 t/years
1
 t
We note that as t   , e 6
 0.
1
 t
Thus, N  12  11e  12 6

So, in the long run, the number of flying fox approaches 12

thousands.
(v)
One possible limitation may be that the model fails to take
into account external factors that affect the population. For
example
(i) outburst of sudden natural disasters which will affect
population of the flying fox;
(ii) the increase in the hunting of flying fox over the years;
(iii) adverse climate change which affect their living habitat

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