2 Inverse Trigonometric Function

Introduction
The inverse trigonometric functions, denoted by sin 1x or (arc sinx), cos 1x etc., denote the angles whose
sine, cosine etc, is equal to x. The angles are usually the numerically smallest angles, except in the
case of cot 1x and if positive & negative angles have same numerical value, the positive angle has been
chosen.
It is worthwhile noting that the functions sinx, cosx etc. are in general not invertible. Their inverse is
defined by choosing an appropriate domain & co-domain so that they become invertible. For this
reason, the chosen value is usually the simplest and easy to remember.

Domain and Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

S.No f(x) Domain Range

  
(1) sin 1x |x|  1 − , 
 2 2
(2) cos 1x |x|  1 [0, ]
  
(3) tan 1x xR − , 
 2 2
    
(4) sec 1x |x|  1 [0, ] –   or 0,    , 
2   2 2 
  
(5) cosec 1x |x|  1 − ,  − {0}
 2 2
(6) cot 1x xR (0, )

Graph of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 −    
(a) f:  ,  → [−1, 1] f 1: [ 1, 1] →  , 
 2 2 2 2
f (x) = sin x f (x) = sin (x)
1 1

(Taking image of sin x about y = x to get sin 1x) (y = sin 1x)

Inverse Trigonometric Function 65

 (b) f: [0, ] → [ 1, 1] f 1: [ 1, 1] → [0, ]
f(x) = cos x f −1(x) = cos−1 x

(Taking image of cos x about y = x) (y = cos 1x)

(c) f: ( /2, /2)→ R f −1: R →( /2, /2)

f(x) = tan x f −1(x) = tan−1 x

(Taking image of tan x about y = x) (y = tan 1x)

(d) f: (0, ) → R f 1: R→(0, )

f(x) = cot x f 1(x) = cot 1 x

(Taking image of cot x about y = x) (y = cot 1x)

66 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 (e) f: [0, /2)  (/2, ] → (−, 1][1, )
f(x) = sec x
f 1: (−, 1][1, )→[0, /2)(/2,]
f (x) = sec 1 x
1

(f) f: [ /2, 0)  (0, /2] → (−, 1][1, )

f(x) = cosec x
f 1: (−, 1][1, )→[ /2, 0)(0, /2]
f (x) = cosec−1 x
1

From the above discussions following IMPORTANT points can be concluded:

(i) All the inverse trigonometric functions represent an angle.
(ii) If x  0, then all six inverse trigonometric functions viz
sin 1 x, cos 1 x, tan 1 x, sec 1x, cosec 1x, cot 1x represent an acute angle.
(iii) If x < 0, then sin 1x, tan 1x & cosec 1x represent an angle from −/2 to 0 (IVth quadrant)
(iv) If x < 0, then cos 1
x, cot 1x & sec 1x represent an obtuse angle. (IInd quadrant)
(v) IIIrd quadrant is never used in range of inverse trigonometric function.

Example 1:
 1  1
The value of tan 1(1) + cos 1  −  + sin−1  −  is equal to
 2  2
 5 3 13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 12 4 12
Solution:
 1  1   2    3
tan 1(1) + cos 1  −  + sin−1  −  = + − = + = Ans.(C)
 2  2 4 3 6 4 2 4

Inverse Trigonometric Function 67

Example 2:
2n 2n
If  cos
i= 1
−1
xi = 0 then find the value of x
i= 1
i

Solution:
We know, 0  cos 1 x  
Hence, each value cos 1x1, cos 1x2, cos 1x3,......,cos 1x2n are non-negative their sum is zero only

when each value is zero.

i.e., cos 1xi = 0 for all i

 xi = 1 for all i
2n
 x
i= 1
i
= x 1 + x2 + x3 + ...... + x2n = {1 + 1 + 1..... + 1} = 2n {using (i)}
2n times
2n
 x
i= 1
i
= 2n

Concept Builders - 1

(i) If   are roots of the equation 6x2 + 11x + 3 = 0, then

(A) both cos 1 and cos 1 are real (B) both cosec 1 and cosec 1 are real
(C) both cot 1 and cot 1 are real (D) none of these
(ii) If sin x + sin y =  and x = ky, then find the value of 392k + 5k.
1 1

Properties of Inverse Circular Functions

P-1 (i) y = sin (sin 1x) = x

x  [ 1, 1], y  [ 1, 1]

(ii) y = cos (cos 1 x) = x

x  [ 1, 1], y  [ 1,1]

68 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 (iii) y = tan(tan 1 x) = x
x  R, y  R

(iv) y = cot(cot 1 x) = x,
x  R; y  R

(v) y = cosec(cosec 1x) = x,

|x|  1, |y|  1

(vi) y = sec(sec 1 x) = x
|x|  1 ; |y|  1

Note: All the above functions are aperiodic.

Inverse Trigonometric Function 69

Example 3:
Evaluate the following:
(i) sin(cos 13/5) (ii) cos(tan 1 3/4)
  1   1 
(iii) sin  − sin−1  −   (iv) tan 2 tan−1 − 
2  2   5 4
Solution:
(i) Let cos 1 3/5 = . Then,

cos = 3/5  sin = 4/5

 sin(cos 1 3/5) = sin  = 4/5

(ii) Let tan 1 3/4 = . Then,

tan = 3/4

4  1 
 cos =  as cos  =
2

5  1 + tan  
2

 cos(tan 13/4) = cos = 4/5

  −1        2 3
(iii) sin  − sin−1    = sin  −  −   = sin =
2  2   2  6  3 2

 1 1
(iv) Let tan 1
 =  tan =
5 5
1
2
   tan(2) − 1
tan  2 −  = and tan2 = 5 = 5 (tan = 1 )
 4 1 + tan2 1 12 5
1−
25
5
−1
   12 7
 tan  2 −  = =−
 4 5 17
1+
12

Example 4:

Prove that sec2(tan 12) + cosec2(cot 1 3) = 15

Solution:

We have,

sec2 (tan 12) + cosec2 (cot 13)

2 2
  
2   
3 
 ( ) + cosec (cot 3)   
2 2
= sec tan 2 −1 −1
= sec  tan−1   + cosec  cot −1  

  1 
    1 


 ( ) + cosec (cosec ) = ( 5 ) + ( 10 )
2 2 2 2
= sec sec−1 5 −1
10 = 15

70 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 Concept Builders - 2

Evaluate the following:

  8  1  4 
(i) tan  cos−1    (ii) sin  cos−1   
  17   2  5 

  1   3
(iii) sin  − sin−1  −   (iv) sin  cos−1 
3  2   5

  
P-2. (i) y = sin 1 (sin x), x  R, y   − ,  periodic with period 2 and it is an odd function.
 2 2

 
− − x , −  x  −
 2
 
sin 1(sin x) =  x , − x
 2 2
 −x , 
x
 2

(ii) y = cos 1 (cos x), x  R, y  [0, ], periodic with period 2 and it is an even function.

−x , −  x  0
cos 1(cosx) = 
x , 0x

Inverse Trigonometric Function 71

 (iii) y = tan 1 (tan x)

     
xR (2n− 1) ,n  I ; y   − ,  , periodic with period  and it is an odd function.
 2   2 2

 3 
x +  , − x−
 2 2
 
tan 1(tanx) =  x , − x
 2 2
x −  ,  3
x
 2 2

(iv) y = cot 1(cot x), x  R {n, n  I}, y  (0, ), periodic with period  and neither even nor
odd function.

x +  , −  x  0

cot 1(cotx) =  x , 0x

 x −  ,   x  2
    
(v) y = cosec 1(cosec x), x  R {n, n  } y   − ,0    0,  is periodic with period 2 and
 2   2
it is an odd function.

72 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 (vi) y = sec 1 (sec x), y is periodic with period 2 and it is an even function.
       
xR (2n− 1) ,n  I , y  0,    , 
 2   2 2 

Example 5:

The value of sin 1( 3 /2) + cos 1 (cos (76)) is

(A) 5/6 (B) /2 (C) 3/2 (D) none of these
Solution:

sin 1(− 3 /2) = sin 1( 3 /2) = /3 and cos 1 (cos (7/6) = cos 1 cos(2 5/6)
= cos 1cos( 5/ 6) = 5/6
 5 
Hence sin 1 ( 3 /2) + cos 1 (cos7/6) = − + = Ans. (B)
3 6 2

Example 6:

Evaluate the following:

(i) sin 1(sin10) (ii) tan 1(tan( 6)) (iii) cot 1(cot 4)

Solution:

(i) We know that sin 1(sin) = , if /2    /2

Here,  = 10 radians which does not lie between /2 and /2

 
But, 3  i.e., 3 10 lie between and
2 2

Also, sin(3 10) = sin 10

 sin 1(sin 10) = sin 1 (sin (3 10)) = (3 10)

(ii) We know that,

tan 1(tan) = , if /2 <  < /2. Here,  = 6, radians which does not lie between

/2 and /2. We find that 2 6 lies between /2 and /2 such that;

tan (2 6) = tan 6 = tan( 6)

 tan 1(tan( 6)) = tan 1(tan(2 6)) = (2 6)

(iii) cot 1(cot4) = cot 1(cot( + (4 ))) = cot 1(cot(4 )) = (4 ) Ans.

Inverse Trigonometric Function 73

Example 7:
Find the number of solutions of (x, y) which satisfy |y| = cos x and y = sin 1(sin x), where |x|  3.
Solution:
Graphs of y = sin 1(sinx) and |y| = cosx meet exactly six times in [ 3, 3].

Concept Builders - 3

Evaluate the following:

 13    7     5  
(i) cos 1  cos  (ii) tan−1  tan   (iii) sin−1  sin   
 6    6    6 

P-3. (i) sin 1 x + cos 1 x = |x|  1
2


(ii) tan 1 x + cot 1 x = xR
2


(iii) cosec 1 x + sec 1 x = |x | 1
2

P-4 (i) sin 1 ( x) = sin 1 x, |x|  1

(ii) cosec 1 ( x) = cosec 1 x, |x|  1

(iii) tan 1 ( x) = tan 1 x, xR

(iv) cot 1 ( x) =  cot 1 x, xR

(v) cos 1 ( x) =  cos 1 x, |x|  1

(vi) sec 1 ( x) =  sec 1 x, |x|  1

1
P-5 (i) cosec 1x = sin 1
; |x|  1
x

1
(ii) sec 1x = cos 1
; |x|  1
x

 −1 1
 tan ; x0
(iii) cot x = 
1 x
1
 + tan−1 ; x0
 x

74 Inverse Trigonometric Function

Example 8:
 1 
Find value of x if cos 1( x) + tan 1( x) 2sin 1(x) + sec 1  −  = for |x|  1.
 x 4
Solution:

 cos 1(x) tan 1(x) 2sin 1(x) + cos 1( x) =
4

 cos 1(x) tan 1(x) 2sin 1(x) +  cos 1(x) =
4

2 2(sin 1x + cos 1x) = tan 1x
4
 3
2  = tan 1x  tan 1x =
4 4
Hence no solution

Concept Builders - 4

(i) Prove the following:

5  12   4  4  3
(a) cos 1   = tan−1   (b) sin 1  −  = tan−1  −  = cos−1  −  − 
 13  5  5  3  5
1
(ii) Find the value of sin(tan 1a + tan 1
) ; a 0
a
 −1 x + y
 tan , where x  0, y  0 & xy  1
 1 − xy
 x+y
P-6 (i) (a) tan 1x + tan 1y =  + tan−1 , where x  0, y  0 & xy  1
 1 − xy
  , where x > 0, y >0& xy = 1
 2
x−y
(b) tan 1 x tan 1 y = tan 1 , where x > 0, y > 0
1 + xy
(c) tan 1x + tan 1y + tan 1 z
 x + y + z − xyz 
= tan 1   if x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & xy + yz + zx < 1
 1 − xy − yz − zx 
(ii) (a) sin 1 x + sin 1 y

sin [x 1 − y + y 1 − x ],
−1 2 2
where x  0, y  0 & (x2 + y2 )  1
=
 − sin [x 1 − y + y 1 − x ], where x  0, y  0 & x2 + y2  1
−1 2 2


(b) sin 1 x sin 1 y = sin 1 [x 1 − y2 − y 1 − x2 ] , where x > 0, y > 0

(iii) (a) cos 1 x + cos 1 y = cos 1

[xy− 1 − x2 1 − y2 ] , where x > 0, y > 0

(b) cos x1 
cos y = 
1
(
cos−1 xy + 1 − x2 1 − y2 ;
) x  y, x, y  0

 (
− cos−1 xy + 1 − x2 1 − y2 ; ) x  y, x, y,  0

Note: In the above results x & y are taken positive. In case if these are given as negative, we first apply
P-4 and then use above results.

Inverse Trigonometric Function 75

Example 9:
Prove that
1 1 2
(i) tan 1
+ tan−1 = tan−1
7 13 9
1 1 1 1 
(ii) tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1 =
5 7 3 8 4
Solution:
1 1
(i) L.H.S. = tan 1
+ tan 1
7 13
 1 1 
 7 + 13  
 −1  x + y 


= tan  1
  tan + tan y = tan 
−1 −1
 ; if xy  1
1 − 1  1  
  1 − xy  

 7 13 
 20  −1  2 
= tan 1   = tan   = R.H.S.
 90  9
 −1 1 1  1 1
(ii)  tan + tan−1  +  tan−1 + tan−1 
 5 7  3 8
 1 1   1 1 
 +   +  6  1 
= tan 1  5 7  + tan−1  3 8  = tan−1   + tan−1  
1− 1  1  1− 1  1   17   23 
   
 5 7  3 8
 6 11 
 +   325  
= tan 1  17 23  = tan−1   = tan (1) =
−1
Ans.
 1 − 6  11   325  4
 
 17 23 

Example 10:
12 4 63
Prove that sin 1
+ cot −1 + tan−1 =
13 3 16
Solution:
We have,
12 4 63
sin 1
+ cos 1 + tan 1
13 5 16
12 3 63  −1 12 12 4 3
= tan 1
+ tan−1 + tan−1  sin = tan−1 and cos−1 = tan−1 
5 4 16  13 5 5 4
 12 3 
 +  63  −1  x + y 

=  + tan  5 4  + tan−1
−1
 tan x + tan y =  + tan 
−1 −1
 , if xy  1
 1 − 12  3  16   1 − xy  
 5 4 
 63  −1  63 
=  + tan−1   + tan  
 −16   16 
63 63
=  − tan−1 + tan−1  tan−1 (− x) = − tan−1 x 
16 16  
=

76 Inverse Trigonometric Function

Example 11:
12 3 56
Prove that: cos−1 + sin−1 = sin−1
13 5 65
Solution:
 12   3 5  3
We have, L.H.S. = cos−1   + sin−1   = tan−1   + tan−1  
13
  5
   12  4
 −1  12  −1  5  −1  3  −1  3 

 cos   = tan   & sin   = tan   
 13
  12
  5
   4  
 5 3 
 +   56 
L.H.S. = tan  12 4  = tan−1 
−1

1− 5 3  33 
  
 12 4 
 56  −1  56 
R.H.S. = sin−1   = tan  
65
   33 
L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved

Concept Builders - 5

Prove the following:

3 8  36  3 3 8 
(i) sin−1   + sin−1   = cos−1   (ii) tan−1   + tan−1   − tan−1   =
5  17   85   4 5  19  4
2  7   1
(iii) tan−1   + tan−1   = tan−1  
11
  24
  2

Simplified Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 2 tan−1 x if | x | 1
 2x  
(a) y = f(x) = sin 1
 =  − 2 tan−1
x if x1
 1 + x   −( + 2 tan−1x) if x  −1
2


 1 − x2   2 tan−1 x if x  0
(b) y = f(x) = cos 1  2 
=
if x  0
 1 + x   −2 tan x
−1

Inverse Trigonometric Function 77

  2 tan−1 x if | x | 1
2x   + 2 tan−1 x if x  −1
(c) y = f(x) = tan 1
=
1 + x2  −( − 2 tan−1x) if x  1


 1
 −( + 3 sin x) if −1  x  −
−1

 2
1 1
(d) y = f(x) = sin 1(3x 4x3) =  3 sin−1 x if −  x 
 2 2
  − 3 sin−1 x if 1
x1
 2

 1
3cos x − 2 if −1  x  −
−1

 2
1 1
(e) y = f(x) = cos 1(4x3 3x) =  2 − 3cos−1x if −  x 
 2 2
 3cos−1 x 1
if x1
 2

78 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 
 −( + 2 sin−1x), 1
 −1  x  −
 2
(f) sin 1
(2x 1 − x2 ) =  2 sin−1 x,

−
1
x
1
2 2
  − 2 sin−1 x, 1
 x 1
 2

 2cos−1 x 0x1
(g) cos 1(2x2 1) = 
2 − 2cos−1
x −1x 0

Example 12:
1 1 31
Prove that: 2 tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1
2 7 17
Solution:
 
 2 1 
1 1
= tan−1 
 2  + tan−1 1  −1  2x 

We have, 2 tan−1 + tan−1  2 tan x = tan  , if − 1  x  1
−1
2  2 
2 7   1  7  1− x  
1 −  2  
   
 4 1 
 + 
4 1 31
= tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1  3 7  = tan−1
3 7 1− 4 + 1  17
 
 3 7
Example 13:
1 1− x
Prove that tan 1
x= cos−1   , x  [0, 1]
2 1+ x
Solution:

( x )  = 1  2 tan
2

1 1−
−1  1 − x  1 −1 
We have, cos   = cos 
−1
x = tan−1 x.
2 1+ x 2
( x )  2
2
1 +


Inverse Trigonometric Function 79

Alter Method:
 
Putting x = tan  , we have    0, 
 4
1 1− x 1 
−1 1 − tan 
2
 1   
RHS = cos−1   = cos   = cos (cos2) = 
−1
  2  0,  
2  1 + x  2  1 + tan2
  2   2

= tan−1 x = LHS

Example 14:

Prove that:

1 1 1  1 5 2 1 
(i) 4tan 1
− tan−1 + tan−1 = (ii) 2tan 1
+ sec−1 + 2tan−1 =
5 70 99 4 5 7 8 4
Solution:

1 1   1 1 1
(i) 4 tan−1 − tan−1 + tan−1 = 2 2 tan−1  − tan−1 + tan−1
5 70 99  5 70 99

 2 1/ 5  1 1  2x 
= 2 tan−1 2
− tan−1 + tan−1  2 tan x = tan
−1 −1
,if | x | 1
 1 − (1 / 5)  70 99  1 − x2


 1 1 
 −
5  1 1   2  5 / 12   
= 2 tan−1 − tan−1 − tan−1  = tan 
−1
2
− tan−1  70 99 
12  70 99   1 − (5 / 12)  1 + 1  1 
 70 99 

 120 1 
 − 
120 29 120 1  
= tan−1 − tan−1 = tan−1 − tan−1 = tan−1  119 239  = tan−1 1 =
119 6931 119 239  1 + 120  1  4
 119 239 

1 5 2 1  1 1 5 2
(ii) 2 tan−1 + sec−1 + 2 tan−1 = 2 tan−1 + tan−1  + sec−1
5 7 8  5 8 7

 1 1  2
 5 + 8  5 2 
= 2tan 1
  + tan
−1
  −1  sec−1 x = tan−1 x2 − 1 
1 1  7   
1 −    
 5 8 

13 1 1 1
= 2tan 1
+ tan−1 = 2 tan−1 + tan−1
39 7 3 7

 2 1/ 3  1  2x 
= tan−1  2 
+ 9 tan−1  2 tan x = tan
−1 −1
, if | x | 1
 1 − (1 / 3)  7  1 − x2 

 3 1 
+
3 1   
= tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1  4 7  = tan−1 1 =
4 7 1 − 3  1  4
 4 7 

80 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 Concept Builders - 6

Prove that following results:

 1  1  4 3  17  
(i) 2tan 1   + tan−1   = tan−1   (ii) 2sin−1   − tan−1   =
5
  8
  7 5
   31  4

Equations Involving Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Example 15:
11
The equation 2cos 1x + sin 1x = has
6
(A) no solution (B) only one solution
(C) two solution (D) three solution
Solution:
11
Given equation is 2cos 1
x + sin 1x =
6
11
 cos 1x + (cos 1 x + sin 1 x) =
6
 11
 cos 1 x + =  cos 1x = 4/3
2 6
Which is not possible as cos 1
x  [0, ] Ans. (A)

Example 16:
If (tan 1x)2 + (cot 1x)2 = 52/8, then x is equal to -
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) none of these
Solution:
The given equation can be written as (tan 1x + cot 1x)2 2tan 1 x cot 1x = 52/8
Since tan 1 x + cot 1x = /2 we have
(/2)2 2tan 1 x (/2 tan 1 x) = 52/8
 2(tan 1x)2 2(/2) tan 1x 32/8 = 0  tan 1x = /4  x = 1 Ans.(A)

Example 17:
x−1 x+1 
Solve the equation: tan 1
+ tan−1 =
x−2 x+2 4
Solution:
x−1 x+1 
tan 1
+ tan−1 =
x−2 x+2 4
Taking tangent on both sides
  x − 1   −1  x + 1  
tan  tan−1    + tan  tan  
  x−1 −1  x + 1 
   x − 2    x + 2 
 tan  tan−1   + tan   = 1  =1
  x − 2  x + 2   −1  x − 1    −1  x + 1  
1 − tan  tan    tan  tan  
  x − 2    x + 2 

Inverse Trigonometric Function 81

 x−1 x+1
+
(x− 1)(x+ 2) + (x− 2)(x+ 1)
 x−2 x+2 = 1  =1
x−1 x+1 x2 − 4 − (x2 − 1)
1− .
x−2 x+2
1 1
 2x2 4= 3x=± Now verify x =
2 2
 1   1 
 −1  +1
   
= tan−1  2  + tan−1  2  = tan−1  2 − 1  + tan−1  2 + 1 
 1   1     
 − 2  + 2  2 2 − 1  2 2 + 1
 2   2 

(
 2 2+1 2−1 + 2 2−1
= tan−1 
)( ) ( )( 2+1 )
 = tan−1  6  = tan−1 (1) = 
 
(
 2 2−1 2 2+1 − 2−1
 )( ) ( )( 
2+1 
) 6 4

1
x=
2
 1   1 
− −1 − + 1
   
= tan−1  2  + tan−1  2  = tan−1  2 + 1  + tan−1  2 − 1  {same as above}
 1   1     
− − 2 − + 2  2 2 + 1  2 2 − 1
 2   2 

= tan 1(1) =
4
1
x= ± are solutions Ans.
2

Example 18:
Solve the equation: 2tan 1(2x + 1) = cos 1x
Solution:
Here, 2tan 1(2x + 1) = cos 1x

 1 − tan2  

or cos(2tan 1(2x +1)) = x We have cos2 = 

 1 + tan2
 

1 − (2x+ 1)2
 = x  (1 2x 1)(1 + 2x + 1) = x(4x2 + 4x + 2)
1 + (2x+ 1)2
 2x . 2(x + 1) = 2x(2x2 + 2x + 1)  2x(2x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2) = 0
 2x(2x2 + 4x + 3) = 0
 x=0 or 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 {No solution}
Verify x = 0
 
2tan 1(1) = cos 1(1)  =
2 2
 x = 0 is only the solution Ans.

82 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 Concept Builders - 7

Solve the following equation for x:

  1  x 
(i) sin sin−1   + cos−1 x  = 1 (ii) cos 1x + sin 1
=
 5  2 6

Inequations Involving Inverse Trigonometric Function

Example 19:
Find the complete solution set of sin 1(sin5) > x2 4x.
Solution:
sin 1(sin5) > x2 4x  sin 1[sin(5 2)] > x2 4x
 x2 4x < 5 2  x2 4x + (2 5) < 0
 2 − 9 − 2  x  2 + 9 − 2  x  (2 − 9 − 2 , 2 + 9 − 2 ) Ans.

Example 20:
Find the complete solution set of [cot 1x]2 6[cot 1x] + 9  0, where [.] denotes the greatest
integer function.
Solution:
[cot 1x]2 6[cot 1x] + 9  0`
 ([cot 1x] 3)2  0  [cot 1x] = 3  3  cot 1x < 4  x  ( , cot3]

Example 21:
n 
If cot 1
 , n  N, then the maximum value of n is-
 6
(A) 1 (B) 5 (C) 9 (D) none of these
Solution:
n 
cot 1

 6
  n    n
 cot  cot −1     cot     3
    6 

 n< 3  n < 5.5 (approx.)

 n=5  (n  N) Ans. (B)

Concept Builders - 8

(i) Solve the inequality tan 1x > cot 1x.

(ii) Complete solution set of in equation (cos 1x)2 (sin 1x)2 > 0, is

 1   1 
(A) 0,  (B)  −1,  (C) ( 1, 2 ) (D) none of these
 2  2

Inverse Trigonometric Function 83

Summation of Series

Example 22:

Prove that:

c x − y  c2 − c1   c3 − c2   cn − cn− 1   1 
tan−1  1  + tan 

−1
 + tan 

−1
 + .... + tan 

−1
 + tan  

−1

 c1 y + x   1 + c2c1   1 + c3c2   1 + cncn− 1   cn 

x
= tan 1
 
y

Solution:

c x − y  c2 − c1   c3 − c2   cn − cn− 1   1 
L.H.S. tan−1  1  + tan 

−1
 + tan 

−1
 + .... + tan 

−1
 + tan  

−1

 c1 y + x   1 + c2c1   1 + c3c2   1 + cncn− 1   cn 

 x 1 
 − 
−1  y c1  + (tan 1c2  1 
= tan tan 1c1) + (tan 1c3 tan 1c2 1
cn tan 1cn 1) + tan 1
 
 x 1   cn 
1+ . 
 y c1 

x  1  1 
= tan−1   − tan−1   − tan−1 c1 + tan−1 cn + tan−1  
y  c1   cn 

x
( ) (
= tan−1   − cot−1 c1 + tan−1 c1 + tan−1 cn + cot−1 cn
y
)
x   x
= tan−1   − + = tan−1   = R.H.S.
y 2 2 y

Concept Builders - 9


 2 
(i) Evaluate:  tan −1
 
r=1  1 + (2r+ 1)(2r− 1) 

84 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 ANSWER KEY FOR CONCEPT BUILDER

1. (i) C (ii) 1526

15 1 4
2. (i) (ii) (iii) 1 (iv)
8 10 5

  
3. (i) (ii) (iii)
6 6 6

 1, if a  0 1
4. (ii) −1, if a  0 7. (i) (ii) 1
 5

8. (i) (1, ) (ii) B 9. (i) /4

Inverse Trigonometric Function 85

 Objective Exercise - I

1. The domain of definition of f(x) = sin−1 (x − 1 − 2) is:

(A) [− 2, 0]  [2, 4] (B) (− 2, 0)  (2, 4) (C) [− 2, 0]  [1, 3] (D) (− 2, 0)  (1, 3)

2. Range of f(x) = sin 1 x + tan 1 x + sec 1 x is:

  3    3    3    3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  ,  (D)  , 
4 4  4 4  4 4  4 4 

3. cosec 1 (cos x) is real if

(A) x  [ 1, 1] (B) x  R

(C) x is an odd multiple of (D) x is a multiple of 
2

3
4. Number of solutions of the equation cot 1
4 − x2 + cos−1(x2 − 5) = is:
2
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

5. The range of the function f(x) = sin 1(log2( x2 + 2x + 3)) is -

       
(A)  − ,  (B) − ,0 (C) 0,  (D) [ 1, 1]
 2 2  2   2

6. Range of f(x) = cot 1(loge(1 x2)) is -

     
(A) (0, ) (B)  0,  (C)  ,   (D)  0, 
 2 2   2

  x 
7. The domain of the function sin−1  log 2    is -
  3 

1  1  3  1 
(A)  , 3 (B)  , 3  (C)  ,6 (D)  ,2
2  2  2  2 

8. Domain of the function f(x) = logecos 1 { x} is, where {.} represents fractional part function -
(A) x R (B) x  [0, ) (C) x  (0, ) (D) x R {x | x  I}

 1   1 
9. tan−1  1 − x2 − 2  + sin−1  x2 + 2 − 1 (where x  0) is equal to
 x   x 
  3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 4

86 Inverse Trigonometric Function

10. The value of tan2(sec 13) + cot2(cosec 14) is -

(A) 9 (B) 16 (C) 25 (D) 23

2
11. If sin 1 x + sin 1 y = , then cos 1x + cos 1y is equal to
3
2  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 6

12. If x  0 and  = sin−1x + cos−1x − tan−1x, then

 3    
(A)  (B) 0    (C) 0   < (D) 
2 4 4 2 4 2

  
 2− 3 12 
13. The value of sin−1 cot  sin−1 + cos−1 + sec−1 2   is -
  4 4 
  
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 0 (D) 10

14. If 2  a < 3, then the value of cos−1 cos[a]+ cosec−1 cosec[a] + cot−1 cot[a], (where [.] denotes
greatest integer less than equal to x) is equal to

(A) 2  (B) 2 +  (C)  (D) 6

15. Number of integral ordered pairs (a, b) for which

 a2 a 3  
sin 1(1 + b + b2 +.... ) +cos 1  a − + − ....  = is -
 3 9  2
(A) 0 (B) 4 (C) 9 (D) Infinitely many

 12    16 
16. If x > 0, cos 1   = − cos−1   then x is -
x 2  x
(A) 12 (B) 16 (C) 20 (D) 320

 x  x 2
17. If sin 1  + sin 1  1–  + tan 1y = , then:
 2   
4 3
  
49
(A) maximum value of x2 + y2 is (B) maximum value of x2 + y2 is 4
3
1
(C) minimum value of x2 + y2 is (D) minimum value of x2 + y2 is 3
2

Inverse Trigonometric Function 87

18. If cos 1(2x2 1) = 2 2cos 1x, then -

(A) x  [ 1, 0] (B) x  [0, 1]

 1   1 1 
(C) x  0,  (D) x  − , 
 2  2 2

 3x – 3x   x 
19. If f(x) = tan 1  + tan 1   , 0  x  3, then range of f(x) is
 3 3 + x 2   3
 
       
(A) 0,  (B) 0,  (C)  ,  (D) 0, 
 2  4 6 3  3

n
2r + 1
20. lim  tan−1 is equal to -
n→
r=1 r + 2r3 + r2 + 1
4

 3  
(A) (B) (C) (D) −
4 4 2 8

ANSWER KEY

1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (C) 7. (C)

8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (D) 11. (B) 12. (D) 13. (C) 14. (B)

15. (A) 16. (C) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (C)

88 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 Objective Exercise - II

Single Correct type Questions

 1   1 
1. tan  + cos−1 x  + tan  − cos−1 x  , x  0 is equal to:
 4 2   4 2 
2 x
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x 2


 1 − sinx + 1 + sinx 
 
2. The value of cot − 1   , where < x < , is:
2
 1
 − sinx − 1 + sinx 

x  x x x
(A)  − (B) + (C) (D) 2  −
2 2 2 2 2

1 
3. Number of solution(s) of the equation cos−1 x − sin−1 x − 1 + cos−1 1 − x − sin−1 = is -
x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4


 r((r+ 1)!) 
4.  tan −1
 2 
is equal to -
r =0  (r + 1) + ((r+ 1)!) 
 
(A) (B) (C) cot 13 (D) tan 12
2 4

 if | x |  3
Let f(x) =  x − 4
2
5.
5sgn | x − 3 | if |x| 3

and g(x) = 2tan 1(ex) for all x  R, then which of the following is wrong?
2
(where sgn(x) denotes signum function of x)
(A) f(x) is an even function (B) gof(x) is an even function
(C) g(x) is an odd function (D) fof(x) is an odd function

One or More than One Correct Type Questions

6. If  satisfies the inequation x 2 x 2 > 0, then a value exists for

(A) sin 1  (B) cos 1  (C) sec 1  (D) cosec 1


7. In the following functions defined from [ 1, 1] to [ 1, 1] , then functions which are not bijective
are
2
(A) sin (sin 1x) (B) sin 1(sin x) (C) (sgn x) n ex (D) x3 sgn x


8. Let f(x) = cos−1 1 − x2 − sin−1 x then which of the following statement/s is/are correct -
(A) Domain of f(x) is [ 1,1] (B) Domain of f(x) is [0,1]

(C) Range of f(x) is {0} (D) Range of f(x) is 0,  

 

Inverse Trigonometric Function 89

9.
 

If  = 2tan 1  3 − 2 2  + sin−1 
1 
 ,  = cot
 6− 2
1
( )
3 −2 +
1
8
sec−1 (−2) and  = tan 1 1
2
+ cos−1
1
3
then
(A) = (B)  +  =  (C) 4( ) =  (D) =

 1
10. If  is only real root of the equation x3 + (cos1) x2 + (sin1) x + 1 = 0, then  tan−1  + tan−1  cannot
  
be equal to -
 
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) 
2 2

  1   −1  1 
 p
11. If sin  2cos−1    + cos  2 tan    = , where p & q are relatively prime then digit at unit's
  3  q
  5  
place of (p q)2k+1, k  N, can be -
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 7 (D) 9

12. Consider the function f(x) = ex and g(x) = sin 1x, then which of the following is/are necessarily
true:
(A) Domain of gof = Domain of f (B) Range of gof  Range of g
  
(C) Domain of gof is ( , 0] (D) Range of gof is − ,0 
 2 

13. Let f(x) = sin 1(tanx) + cos 1(cotx) then:

 
(A) f(x) = wherever defined (B) domain of f(x) is x = n  , n I
2 4

(C) period of f(x) is (D) f(x) is many one function
2

 1  1  1   2 
14. Value of 3 tan−1   + tan−1   + sin−1   + cos 
−1
 is greater than
3 2  5  5

 2 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

15. If sin2 (2 cos 1 (tan x)) = 1 then x may be:

 1   1 
(A) x =  + tan 1   (B) x =  tan 1  
 2  2
 1   1 
(C) x = − + tan 1   (D) x = − tan 1  
 2  2

90 Inverse Trigonometric Function

16. Which of the following is/are correct?

 1
(A) cot 1 (x) = tan 1    x R {0}
x

(B) If f : R → R such that f(x) = sgn(ex) then f(x) is an into function.

(C) If f : R+→ R such that f(x) = sinx + x then f(x) is an odd function.

ex
(D) If f : R → R such that f(x) = then f(x) is a periodic function.
e[x]

(where [.] represents greatest integer function)

ANSWER KEY

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (D) 6. (CD) 7. (BCD)

8. (AD) 9. (AC) 10. (ABD) 11. (BC) 12. (BC) 13. (ABCD) 14. (AB)

15. (ABCD) 16. (BD)

Inverse Trigonometric Function 91

 Subjective Exercise - I

1. (a) Find the following:

 1  −1   7 
(i) tan cos−1 + tan−1   (ii) cos−1  cos 
 2  3   6 
 3  3 3
(iii) cos  tan−1  (iv) tan  sin−1 + cot −1 
 4  5 2

(b) Find the following:

  − 3    − 3  
(i) sin  − sin−1   (ii) cos cos−1  + 
 2  2    2  6
    
 3  1 63 
(iii) tan 1  tan  (iv) sin  arc sin 
 4  4 8 


2. Find the domain of definition the following functions.

(Read the symbols [ ] and { } as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively)
2x 1 + x2
(i) f(x) = arc cos (ii) f(x) = cos(sinx) + sin−1
1+ x 2x

x − 3
(iii) f(x) = sin 1   log10(4 x) (iv) f(x) = sin 1(2x + x2)
 2 

1 − sin x
(v) f(x) = + cos−1 (1 − {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x.
log 5 (1 − 4 x2 )

 3 − 2x 
(vi) f(x) = 3 − x + cos−1   + log6(2|x| 3) + sin 1(log2x)
 5 
x
x 
( )
sin−1  
2
(vii) f(x) = e + tan−1  − 1 + n x − [x]
2 

3. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.

1 − x2 1
(a) y = tan(cos 1 x); y = (b) y = tan(cot 1x); y =
x x

4. Let y = sin 1(sin8) tan 1(tan10) + cos 1(cos12) sec 1(sec9) + cot 1(cot6) cosec 1(cosec7).
If y simplifies to a + b, then find (a b).

 33  −1  46  −1  13    19   13

5. Show that: sin 1  sin  + cos  cos  + tan  − tan  + cot  cot  −
−1
 =
 7   7   8    8  7

6. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 + 5x 49 = 0, then find the value of cot(cot 1
 + cot 1).

92 Inverse Trigonometric Function

  1 + ab  −1  1 + bc  −1  1 + ca 
7. If a > b > c > 0, then find the value of : cot−1   + cot   + cot  .
 a −b   b−c   c−a 

8. Find the simplest value of

x 1  1 
(a) f(x) = arc cosx + arc cos  + 3 − 3x2  , x   , 1
2 2  2 
 1 + x2 − 1 
(b) f(x) = tan 1  , x R {0}
 x 
 

9. Solve the following:


(a) sin 1x + sin 1 2x =
3
1 1 2
(b) tan 1
+ tan−1 = tan−1 2
1 + 2x 1 + 4x x
(c) tan 1(x −1) + tan 1(x) + tan−1(x +1) = tan 1(3x)
2 
(d) sin 1x + sin 1y = & cos−1 x − cos 1y =
3 3

10. Find the sum of the series:

(a) cot 17 + cot 113 + cot 121 + cot 131 + ...... to n terms.

1 2 2n− 1
(b) tan 1
+ tan 1 tan 1

3 9 1 + 22n− 1

1 1 1 1
(c) tan−1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 2 to n terms
x2 + x + 1 x + 3x + 3 x + 5x + 7 x + 7x + 13

1 1 1 1
(d) sin 1
+ sin 1
+ sin 1
+ 1
 terms.
5 65 325 4n4 + 1

3
11. Number of integral solutions of the equation 2sin−1 x2 − x + 1 + cos−1 x2 − x = is
2

 10  2 3ab

12. If sin 1sin   + cos cos
−1
+ tan−1 tan10 = a  + b, then is equal to
 3  3 80

13. Solve the inequality : (arc secx)2 6(arc secx) + 8 > 0

Inverse Trigonometric Function 93

 ANSWER KEY

1 5 4 17 1  2
1. (a) (i) (ii) , (iii) , (iv) ; (b) (i) , (ii) 1, (iii) − , (iv)
3 6 5 6 2 4 4

2. (i) −1/3  x  1 (ii) {1, 1}

(iii) 1  x 4 (iv) [ (1+ 2 ), ( 2 1)]

(v) x ( 1/2, 1/2), x  0 (vi) (3/2, 2]

(vii) ( 2, 2) { 1, 0, 1}

3. (a) (b)

4. 53 5. 56 6. 10 7. 

 1
8. (a) ; (b) tan−1 x
3 2

1 3 1 1 1
9. (a) x= ; (b) x = 3; (c) x = 0, , − ; (d) x= ,y=1
2 7 2 2 2

 2n + 5   
10. (a) arc cot   (b) , (c) arc tan(x + n) arc tanx, (d)
 n  4 4

11. 2 12. 1 13. ( , sec2)  [1, )

94 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 Subjective Exercise - II

1. Find the domain and range of the following functions.

(Read the symbols [ * ] and { * } as greatest integers and fractional part function respectively)
(i) f(x) = cot 1(2x x2) (ii) f(x) = sec 1 (log3 tan x + logtan x3)

 2x2 + 1   
(iii) =  2  (iv) =  + 
 x +1  4
   5 

3 16 1 7 2 6+1 
2. Prove that: (a) 2cos 1
+ cot−1 + cos−1 =  (b) arc cos − arc cos =
13 63 2 25 3 2 3 6

3. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure
 1 1  1 
tan−1   , tan−1  + k  and tan−1  + 2k  .
2 2  2 

4. Prove the identities:


(a) sin 1cos(sin 1x) + cos 1sin(cos 1x) = , |x|  1
2
(b) tan(tan 1x + tan 1y + tan 1z) = cot(cot 1x + cot 1y + cot 1z)

  2ex + 3   5
5. Least integral value of x for which inequality sin−1  sin  x     − holds, is
 2
  e + 1 

1+ x  1 − x2 
6. If  = 2 arc tan   & b = arc sin  2 
for 0 < x < 1, then prove that  +  =  what the
 1− x 1+ x 
value of  +  will be if x > 1.

y 3
7. Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan 1x + cos 1
= sin−1 .
1+ y 2
10
8. Solve the following inequalities :
(a) (arc cot x)2 5 arc cot x + 6 > 0
(b) arc sin x > arc cos x
(c) tan2(arc sinx) > 1

9. Solve the following system of inequalities :

4 arc tan2x 8 arc tan x + 3 < 0 and 4 arc cot x arc cot2x 3 0

Inverse Trigonometric Function 95

 ANSWER KEY

1. (i) D : x  R; R : [  /4, )

      2  
(ii) D : x   n,n +  x | x = n +  n  I; R :    
 2  4 3 3  2

    
(iii) D : x  R; R : 0,  (iv) D : x  R ; R : 
 2  2 4

11
3. k= 5. 1 6.  7. x = 1; y = 2 & x = 2; y = 7
4

 2   2   2
8. (a) (cot2, )  (  cot3) (b)  , 1
 2 
(c)  , 1    −1, −
 2  

     2 

 1 
9.  tan ,cot 1
 2 

96 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 JEE-Main (Previous Year Questions)

1. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan 1x, tan 1y and tan 1z are also in A.P., then [JEE(Main)-2013]
(1) x = y = z (2) 2x = 3y = 6z (3) 6x = 3y = 2z (4) 6x = 4y = 3z

 2x  1
2. Let tan 1 y = tan 1 x + tan 1  2 
, where | x | < . Then a value of y is: [JEE(Main)-2015]
1− x  3
3x − x3 3x + x3 3x − x3 3x + x3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 + 3x2 1 + 3x2 1 − 3x2 1 − 3x2

 2x 
3. If f(x) = 2tan 1x + sin 1  2 
, x > 1, then f(5) is equal to [JEE(Main)-2015]
1+ x 
 65 
(1) /2 (2)  (3) 4tan 1(5) (4) tan 1  
 156 

4. A value of x satisfying the equation sin[cot 1(1 + x)] = cos[tan 1x], is [JEE(Main)-2017]

1 1
(1) (2) 0 (3) 1 (4) −
2 2

 1 + x2 + 1 − x 2  1
5. The value of tan 1   , |x| < , x  0, is equal to [JEE(Main)-2017]
 1 + x2 − 1 − x2  2

 1  1  
(1) − cos−1 x2 (2) + cos−1 x2 (3) − cos−1 x2 (4) + cos−1 x2
4 2 4 2 4 4

 2   3   3
6. If cos−1   + cos−1   =  x   then x is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
 3x   4x  2  4

145 145 146 145

(1) (2) (3) (4)
12 10 12 11

7. If x = sin 1 (sin10) and y = cos 1

(cos10), they y x is equal to [JEE(Main)-2019]

(1) 10 (2) 0 (3)  (4) 7

 19  n 
8. The value of cot   cot −1  1 +  2p   is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
n= 1  
  p=1 

22 23 21 19
(1) (2) (3) (4)
23 22 19 21

Inverse Trigonometric Function 97

9. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, the set [JEE(Main)-2019]
 
A = x  0 : tan−1 (2x ) + tan−1 ( 3x ) = 
 4
(1) is an empty set (2) contains more than two elements
(3) contains two elements (4) is a singleton

3  1 
10. If  = cos 1   ,  = tan 1   , where 0 < ,  < , then   is equal to: [JEE(Main)-2019]
5 3 2

9  9   9   9 
(1) tan   (2) cos   (3) tan   (4) sin  
 14   5 10   5 10   5 10 

y y
11. If cos 1x cos 1
= , where 1  x  1, 2  y  2, x  , then for all x, y, 4x2 4xy cos  + y2
2 2
is equal to [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) 2 sin2  (2) 4 cos2 + 2x2y2 (3) 4 sin2 (4) 4sin2 2x2y2

 12   3
12. The value of     is [JEE(Main)-2019]
 13  5
 33   63    56    9 
(1)    (2)    (3)   (4)  
 65   65  2  65  2  65 

 | x | +5 
13. The domain of the function f(x) = sin 1  2  is ( , a]  [a, ). Then a is equal to :
 x +1 
[JEE(Main)-2020]

17 17 − 1 17 1 + 17
(1) +1 (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2

 4 5 16 
14. 2 −  sin−1 + sin−1 + sin−1  is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2020]
 5 13 65 

3 7 5 
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 4 4 2

15. If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series [JEE(Main)-2020]

 1  1  1   1
tan 1   + tan 1   + tan 1   + tan 1  
3 7  13   21 
10 6 5 5
(1) (2) (3) (4)
11 5 6 11

98 Inverse Trigonometric Function

   4 
16. cosec 2cot −1 (5) + cos−1    is equal to: [JEE(Main)-2021]
  5 
75 65 56 65
(1) (2) (3) (4)
56 56 33 33

sin−1 x cos−1 x tan−1 y  c 

17. If = = ; 0 < x < 1, then the value of cos   is: [JEE(Main)-2021]
a b c a +b
1 − y2 1 − y2 1 − y2
(1) (2) (3) 1 y2 (4)
2y 1 + y2 y y

 6r 

k
18. Let Sk = tan−1  2r + 1  . Then lim
2r + 1 
Sk equal to: [JEE(Main)-2021]
2 +3 
r =1 k →

3  3
(1) tan−1   (2) (3) cot −1   (4) tan−1 ( 3)
2 2 2

19. If cot −1 () = cot −1 2 + cot −1 8 + cot −1 18 + cot −1 32 + ..... upto 100 terms, then  is: [JEE(Main)-2021]
(1) 1.01 (2) 1 (3) 1.02 (4) 1.03

   2
20. The number of solutions of the equation sin−1 x2 +  + cos−1 x2 −  = x2 for  , and [x]
 3  3
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is: [JEE(Main)-2021]

(1) 2 (2) 0 (3) 4 (4) infinite

21. If the inverse trigonometric function take principal values, then

3   4  2   4 
cos−1  cos  tan−1    + sin  tan−1     is equal to:
 10  3  5  3   
  
[JEE(Main)-2022]
  
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
4 3 6

  1  1  1 
  + 4 2 tan  tan (2 2)  is equal to ______.
−1
22. 50 tan  3tan−1   + 2cos−1 
 2 2
    5   
[JEE(Main)-2022]

Inverse Trigonometric Function 99

 1 4
23. Let x = sin(2tan−1 ) and y = sin  tan−1  . If S = {  R : y 2 = 1 − x} , then
2 3
 16 3
is equal to
 S

______. [JEE(Main)-2022]

1 sin−1 x cos−1 x  2 

24. If 0  x  and = , then a value of sin   is: [JEE(Main)-2022]
2    +
(1) 4 (1 − x2 )(1 − 2x2 ) (2) 4x (1 − x2 )(1 − 2x2 )

(3) 2x (1 − x2 )(1 − 4x2 ) (4) 4 (1 − x2 )(1 − 4x2 )

ANSWER KEY

1. (1) 2. (3) 3. (2) 4. (4) 5. (2) 6. (1) 7. (3)

8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (4) 11. (3) 12. (3) 13. (4) 14. (1)

15. (3) 16. (2) 17. (2) 18. (3) 19. (1) 20. (2) 21. (3)

22. 29 23. 130 24. (2)

100 Inverse Trigonometric Function

 JEE-Advanced (Previous Year Questions)

 23  n

1. The value of cot   cot −1  1 +  2k   is: [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
 n= 1  k=1 
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23

2. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists.
List-I List-II
1/2
 1  cos(tan−1 y) + ysin(tan−1 y) 
2
 1 5
P.    +y 
4
takes value 1.
 y2  cot(sin y) + tan(sin y) 
−1 −1
 2 3
 
Q. If cosx + cosy + cosz = 0 = sinx + siny + sinz, 2. 2
x−y
then possible value of cos is
2
  1
R. If cos  − x  cos2x + sinx sin2x secx = cosx sin2x secx 3.
4  2
 
+ cos  + x  cos2x, then possible value of secx is
4 
S. ( )
If cot sin−1 1 − x2 = sin tan−1 x 6 ( ( )) , x  0. 4. 1

Then possible value of x is

Codes : [JEE(Advanced)-2013]
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2

3. Let f : [0,4] → [0,] be defined by f(x) = cos 1(cosx). The number of points x  [0,4] satisfying
10 − x
the equation f(x) = is [JEE(Advanced)-2014]
10

6 4
4. If  = 3sin 1   and  = 3cos 1   where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the
 11  9
principal values, then the correct(s) is(are) [JEE(Advanced)-2015]
(A) cos  0 (B) sin < 0 (C) cos ( + ) > 0 (D) cos < 0

Inverse Trigonometric Function 101

 5. The number of real solutions of the equation [JEE(Advanced)-2018]

  
x
i
     x i    1 1
 ( − ) 
i
 +
   =  lying in the interval   is _____.
 i= 1 i= 1  2   2  i= 1  2  i=1  2 2
   

  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin 1x and cos 1x assume values in  − ,  and
 2 2

[0, ], respectively.)

 x  
   x  

6. Let E1 = x  R : x  1and  0 and E2 = x  E1 :sin−1  loge    isareal number 
 x−1  
   x − 1 

  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function sin 1x assumes value in  − ,  ).
 2 2
 x 
Let f : E1 → R be the function defined by f(x) = loge  
 x − 1
  x 
and g : E2 → R be the function defined by g(x) = sin 1
 log e   .
  x − 1
List-I List-II

 1   e 
P. The range of f is 1.  −,   , 
 1 − e  e − 1 

Q. The range of g contains 2. (0, 1)

 1 1
R. The domain of f contains 3. − , 
 2 2

S. The domain of g is 4. ( , 0)  (0, )

 e 
5.  −, 
 e − 1

1 e 
6. (−,0)   , 
 2 e − 1

The correct option is : [JEE(Advanced)-2018]

(A) P → 4 ; Q → 2 ; R → 1; S → 1

(B) P → 3 ; Q → 3 ; R → 6; S → 5

(C) P → 4 ; Q → 2 ; R → 1; S → 6

(D) P → 4 ; Q → 3 ; R → 6; S → 5

102 Inverse Trigonometric Function

7. For non-negative integer n, let [JEE(Advanced)-2019]
n
k+1  k + 2 
 sin  n + 2   sin  n + 2  
=
k =0    
n
 k + 1 
 sin2  
k =0 n + 2 

Assuming cos 1x takes values in [0, ], which of the following option is /are correct?

3
(A) f(4) =
2

1
(B) =
n→ 2

(C) sin (7cos 1f(5)) = 0

(D) if  = tan (cos 1f(6)), then 2 + 2 1=0

 1 10  7 k   7 (k + 1)     3 
8. The value of sec−1   sec  +  sec  +   in the interval  − ,  equals ___
 4 k =0  12 2   12 2   4 4

[JEE(Advanced)-2019]

9. Considering only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, the value of

3 2 1 2 2 2
cos−1 + sin−1 + tan−1 is___________. [JEE(Advanced)-2022]
2 2+2
4 2+2


ANSWER KEY

1. (B) 2. (B) 3. 3 4. (BCD) 5. 2.00 6. (A)

7. 1, 3, 4 8. 0.00 9. 02.35 or 02.36

Inverse Trigonometric Function 103