Dr. Abd-Allah Nassr, Dr. Abdelmonem Hamdan, Dr.Mohamed Shehata and Mr. Hisam Eltaweel.

General Mathematics (101 Math)

DEFINITION 1: A quadratic equation in one variable is any equation that can be

written in the form ax 2  bx  c  0, a  0. Standard Form.
ℎ , , .

Zero Product Property:

,
ℎ . =0 =0 =0 ( ℎ).
EXAMPLE 1: Solving Quadratic Equations by Factoring
Solve by factoring:
(A) ( x  5)( x  3)  0 (B) 6 x 2  19 x  7  0 (C) x 2  6 x  5  4

(D) 2 x 2  3 x (E) 3 x 2  7 x  20  0 (F) 4 x 2  12 x  9  0

SOLUTIONS: (solutions (A), (B) , (C) and (D) see textbook page 85).
( E )  3 x 2  7 x  20  0 (F)  4 x 2  12 x  9  0
  3 x  5  x  4   0 2
  2 x  3  0
 3 x  5  0 or x  4  0 3
2x  3  0  x  
5 2
 x  or x  4.
3  3
Then the solution set is   .
5   2
Then the solution set is  , 4  .
3 

Square Root Property:

If A2  C, then A   C.
EXAMPLE 2 Using the Square Root Property
Solve using the square root property:
2
2 2  1 5
(A) 9 x  7  0 (B) 3 x  27  0 (C)  x   
 2 4
2
2 2  1 2
(D) 9 x  5  0 (E) 2 x  8  0 (F)  x   
 3 9

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 Dr. Abd-Allah Nassr, Dr. Abdelmonem Hamdan, Dr.Mohamed Shehata and Mr. Hisam Eltaweel. General Mathematics (101 Math)

SOLUTIONS: (solutions (A), (B) and (C) see textbook page 86 and 87).

5 5 5
(D) 9 x 2  5  0  9 x 2  5  x 2  x 
9 9 3

 5 5 
The solution set is  , .
 3 3 

(E) 2 x 2  8  0  2 x 2  8  x 2  4  x   4  2i
The solution set is 2i, 2i .
2
 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
(F)  x     x     x  x 
 3 9 3 9 3 3 3 3

 1 2 1 2 
The solution set is   ,  .
 3 3 3 3 

To complete the square of a quadratic expression of the form x 2  bx, add

2
b b2
the square of one-half the coefficient of , that is, add   or . The resulting expression factors as a
2 4
perfect square,
2 2
b  b
x 2  bx      x   .
2  2
EXAMPLE 4: Solution by Completing the Square:
Solve by completing the square:
(A) x 2  6 x  2  0 (B) 2 x 2  4 x  3  0 (C) x 2  8 x  3  0 (D) 3 x 2  12 x  13  0
SOLUTIONS: (solutions (A) and (B) see textbook page 89).
(C)  x 2  8 x  3  0  x 2  8 x  3
2 2
2 8 8
 x  8x     3   
2 2
2
  x  4   19
 x  4   19
 x  4  19 . The solution set is 4  19, 4  19 . 

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Dr. Abd-Allah Nassr, Dr. Abdelmonem Hamdan, Dr.Mohamed Shehata and Mr. Hisam Eltaweel. General Mathematics (101 Math)

12 13
(D) 3 x 2  12 x  13  0  x 2  x
3 3
13
 x2  4x  
3
2 2
4 13  4  13
 x  4x          x2  4 x  4    4
2

2 3 2 3
2 13 12 2 1
  x  2      x  2  
3 3 3
1 1
 x2     x  2 i
3 3

 1 1 
The solution set is 2  i, 2  i
 3 3 

THEOREM 1 Quadratic Formula

2 b  b 2  4ac
If ax  bx  c  0, a  0, then x .
2a
EXAMPLE 5 Using the Quadratic Formula
3
(1) Solve 2 x   x 2 a  0. Leave the answer in simplest radical form.
2
SOLUTION: (See textbook page 90).

The expression under the square root in the quadratic formula − , is called the
discriminant. It gives us useful information about the corresponding roots, as shown in
Table.
Discriminant
Roots of ax 2  bx  c  0,
−
a, b and c are real numbers, a  0.

Positive Two distinct real roots

0 One real root (a double root)
Negative Two imaginary roots, one the conjugate of the other

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Dr. Abd-Allah Nassr, Dr. Abdelmonem Hamdan, Dr.Mohamed Shehata and Mr. Hisam Eltaweel. General Mathematics (101 Math)

EXAMPLE 6 Using the Discriminant

Find the number of real roots of each quadratic equation
( A) 2 x 2  4 x  1  0 ( B) 2 x 2  4 x  2  0 (C ) 2 x 2  4 x  3  0
SOLUTION: (See textbook page 91).

“Exercises”
(I) Solve by Factoring:
( A) 2 x 2  8 x ( B)  8  22t  6t 2 (C ) 3w2  13w  10
( D) 3x 2  13x  10 ( E ) 4 x 2  9  12 x (F ) 2 y2  5 y  3
(II) Solve by Square Property or by Completing the Square:
( A) m 2  25  0 ( B) x 2  4 x  1  0 (C ) y 2  4 y  3  0
(III) Use the discriminant to determine the number of real roots of each equation and
then solve each equation using the quadratic formula.
( A) x 2  2 x  1  0 ( B) x 2  2 x  3  0 ( D) 16 x 2  9  24 x
( D) y 2  4 y  7  0 ( E ) 2 x 2  8  16 x ( F ) x2  2x  4  0
(IV) Solve by any method:
2
( A) 12 x 2  7 x  10 ( B )  2 y  3  5 (C ) x 2  3 x  1

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