•RECALL - This is the mental reproduction of the

materials that have been learned. In recall, a person is

asked to describe a past experience in his own words.
•RECOGNITION - This is acknowledging past learning by
giving the person several choices from which he picks
one he recognizes.
•RE-LEARNING – This amount of learning is measured
after some review. Re-learning is quite sensitive
because the person my not be respond wholeheartedly.
•ROTE MEMORY - This is done through constant
repetition where no conclusion effort is needed to
reproduce the idea.
•FLASHBULB MEMORY – This is a memory of a specific
event is so clear it seem like a “snaptchat” of the event
Theories of
Forgetting
According to Sigmund Freud, one does
not forget, one only has difficulty in
recollecting. Freud attest that
understanding the level of consciousness
will help clarify this theory. There are
three level of consciousness: the
conscious, subconscious and unconscious.
 Conscious level -Is an experience of what one is
aware of at anytime.
 Subconscious level -This refers to parts of the mind
of which people are not aware but which can be
brought the consciousness without much effort.
 Unconscious level -This embodies the experience
stored in the mind that cannot be brought directly
to consciousness. Within consciousness lies the
basic instinct and drive particularly those that
motivate aggression and sex.
Here are some Theories of Forgetting:
• Decay- This is the loss of information through non-use.
• Interference- this refers to information in memory that is
displaces or blocked out by other information thus, preventing
its recall.
• Proactive interference – This pertains to information learned
earlier which interferes with the recall of newer materials.
• Retroactive interference – This refers to new information that
interfere with the recall of information learned earlier.
• Emotional blocking – This involves anxieties and tensions
which can impair memory.