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CHAPTER1 Vera Cruz
CHAPTER1 Vera Cruz
THE BASIC
ACCOUNTING
ENVIRONMENT
Introduction to Accounting and Business
What is a Business?
• Is an economic unit
• It control resources
• Engages in buying and selling of
goods and services
How Do we measure the success
of the business?
• Main source
-Owner
• Other sources
-Creditors (financing institutions, relatives or friends)
There are three types of
business organizations
Proprietorship
Partnership
Corporation
Advantages
A proprietorship • Ease and low cost in
is owned by one organizing
individual. • All profit goes to the
owner
Disadvantage
• Limited source of
financial resources
• Unlimited liability
Advantages
A partnership is • More financial
owned by two or resources than a
more individuals. proprietorship.
• Additional
management skills.
• Division of labor
Disadvantage
• Unlimited liability.
• Limited life
• Mutual agency
Advantage
A corporation is • The ability to obtain
organized as a large amounts of
separate legal entity resources by issuing
from the owners. stocks.
• Limited liability
• Unlimited life- 50
yrs
Disadvantage
• Subject to rigid
government control
• Costly to organize
Types of Business
Operations
Service
Product
Enchanted Kingdom Entertainment
Phil. Air Lines Transportation
Shangrila Hotel Hospitality and lodging
Smart/Globe Telecommunication
Types of Business
Operations
Merchandising
Product
Savemore General merchandise
Watson Medicine and beauty products
Abenson Consumer electronics
Uniqlo Apparel
Amazon Internet books, music, video
retailer
Types of Business Operations
Manufacturing
Product
Toyota Cars, trucks, vans
Purefoods Processed food
Boeing Jet aircraft
Nike Athletic shoes and apparel
Coca-Cola Beverages
Samsung Appliances, mobile phones
Business Stakeholders
• Owner or Investor
• Manager
• Lender/Creditor
• Supplier
• Government
• Employee
• Customer
What is accounting?
• It is a service activity.
• Its function is to provide quantitative information
primarily financial in nature, about economic entities,
that is intended to be useful in making decisions.
HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING
• Earliest Accounting System
-200BC Babylonia, Greece, Egypt
-3500BC Assyria
• Father of Accounting
-Fr. Luca Pacioli wrote the Summa Aritmetica, Geometria,
Proportioni et Proportinalita in 1494.
-Particularis de Computis et Scripturis (Details of Calculation and
Recording) a section of Summa which made Pacioli famous.
-this is where the modern accounting system evolved
HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING
• 15th Century
-Italian Merchants entrusted their properties to their servants/employees who were
required to prepare reports:
-daily activities
-properties owned
-debts owed
-Creditor and debtor
• 16th Century
-Trading in foreign ports started
-Profit and loss report was prepared after a trip or voyage
Continuation of History of
Accounting
• 19 th
Century
-massive development of trade & industry
-from simple to a more complex structure of a business
-mergers, combinations, consolidations
-from manual data processing to electronic data
processing
Continuation of History of
Accounting
Companies
• 1923-first CPA licensure exam
• 1929-establishment of PICPA
“Accounting is the language of
business”
COMPANY
ACCOUNTING
INFORMATION
STAKEHOLDERS
CHANNELS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION FLOW
Management
Managerial
Reports
Certain
BIR/Taxing Tax
Reporting process
Special
Returns Reports Regulatory
Agencies
Agencies
Financial
reports
Audited
Decision
Makers
FUNDAMENTAL SYSTEM
PRINCIPLES
The End