DEMOGRAPHY

What is Demography?
• It is the scientific study of population.
• Comes from the Greek words “demos”and
“graphone” meaning “measuring people.”
• It studies the size and consistency of the
human population and how it changes.
 What is Population?
• It is the area of sociology that includes the
size, growth, demographic characteristics,
compositions, migrations and etc.
• To geologists, it is the number of persons
occupying a certain geographic area, drawing
sustsistence from their habitat and interacting
with one another.
 Why Study Population?
• It is important to study population because it
allows sociologists to find the causes of sudden
growth or decrease in population size in a certain
area as well as how it will affect the society.
• If a population’s growth is slow, it faces the
danger of extinction.
• If a population grows too fast there would be
upheaval and conflict over scarce resources
within the society itself.
 Why Study Population?
• The study of population and its trends would
give direction towards the formulation of
plans for education, employment, housing,
transportation and communication and other
forms of social services.
 Sources of Demographic Data
Census:
• It is a population count where the
demographic, economic and social data of
every individual of a given time are collected,
tabulated, compiled and published.
Vital Statistics:
• Events that deal with an individual’s life from
birth to death.
 Sources of Demographic Data
Sample Surveys:
• These are conducted by private and public
institutions to obtain data and information on
matters not covered by the census or the vital
statistics system.
 Composition of a Population
Age composition:
• It pertains to the comparative percentage of
individuals a different age levels influencing
the economic and social structures of society.
Sex composition:
• It pertains to gender differences which is
determined by sex ratio and is affected by
births, deaths and migration incidences.
 Elements of Demography
Birth Rate:
• It is the yearly count of live births per 1000
population; gives data on a society’s
reproductive patterns
Total Fertility Rate:
• The average count of children conceived; can
project a society’s future population growth
 Elements of Demography
Death Rate:
• The yearly count of deaths per 1000
population; gives the data on society’s
mortality patterns
Life expectancy
• The average number of years a person is
expected to live
 Elements of Demography
Growth Rate:
• Differences between births and deaths plus
the differences between immigrants and
emigrants per 1000 population
Causes of Rapid Population Growth
Birth Rate:
• Around the world, more than 4 babies are
born every second.
• If high fertility is not matched by mortality,
then overpopulation is bound to happen.
Death Rate:
• A decline in mortality and a more or less
stable birth rate means a rise in population
Causes of Rapid Population Growth
Migration:
• Population change is likewise affected by
migration which is the movement of people
from one place to another with intention of
finding a permanent residence. It has been
observed that the main reason why people
migrate is economic
Consequences of Rapid Population Growth

• Economic Consequences
• Social Effects
• Political Effects
• Consequences for Education
• Health, Welfare and Child Development
• Environmental Deterioration
• Security Problem