GE-5

Purposive Communication

Zairah Shane J. Barcela

Instructor 1
 Topic 1- Definition of Communication

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:

1. define what is communication;
2. identify and explain the various communication modes and how they
help in expressing one‘s communication intent;
3. distinguish the difference between and among the communication
modes; and
4. use these communication modes appropriately depending on the
context of the communication situation.
 INTRODUCTION

Communication can be defined as the process of

transmitting information and common understanding
from one person to another (Keyton, 2011).

The word communication is derived from the Latin

word, ―communis”, which means common.
 Communication Principles
Communication – a process of exchanging verbal
and/or non-verbal information between two or more
people who can be either the speaker or the receiver
of message.
- used to meet the purpose of a person
- purpose could be to inform, to persuade, or to
entertain.
- can be in the form of written, verbal, non-verbal, and
visuals
 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

Non-verbal communication

The use of the following to convey or emphasize a message or information.

.Voice – includes tone, speech rate, pitch, pauses and volume.

.Body language – includes facial expressions, gestures, postures, and eye contact.
.Personal space or distance – refers to an area of space and distance that a
person from a different culture, personality, age, sex, and status adopts and puts
for another person.
.Personal appearance – refers how a person presents himself/herself to a
particular situation, whether formal or informal.
 1. Written communication
-Involves texts or words encoded and transmitted.
-means the sending of messages, orders or instructions in writing through letters,
circulars, manuals, reports, telegrams, office memos, bulletins, etc.
-It is a formal method of communication and is less flexible. A written document
preserved properly becomes a permanent record for future reference.
- to be effective, should be clear, complete, concise, correct, and courteous.

Example: memos, letters, reports, on-line chat, short

message service or SMS, electronic mail or e-mail,
journals and other written documents.
 2. Verbal communication
-a type of oral communication wherein the message is transmitted through the spoken
words. Here the sender gives words to his feelings, thoughts, ideas and opinions and
expresses them in the form of speeches, discussions, presentations, and conversations.

-the effectiveness of the verbal communication depends on the tone of the speaker,
clarity of speech, volume, speed, body language and the quality of words used in
the conversation. In the case of the verbal communication, the feedback is
immediate since there are a simultaneous transmission and receipt of the message
by the sender and receiver respectively.

An exchange of information through face-to-face, audio

and/or video call or conferencing, lectures, meetings,
radio, and television.
 4. Visuals
-Visual communication, on the other hand, is the type of communication that uses
visuals to convey information and/or messages.

-is the transmission of information and ideas using symbols and imagery. It is one of
three main types of communication, along with verbal communication (speaking) and
non-verbal communication (tone, body language, etc.). It is believed to be the type that
people rely on most, and it includes signs, graphic designs, films, typography, and
countless other examples.

Involves the use of, symbol, imagery, maps, graphs,

charts, diagrams, pictograms, photos, drawings or
illustrations, and even various forms of electronic
communication.
Communication can
be…
Communication is a complex process that requires you to:

-know your audience,

-determine your purpose,
-identify your topic,
-expect objections,
-establish credibility with your target
audience,
-present information clearly and
objectively, and
-develop a practical, useful way to
seek for feedback.
Intended communication

Refers to planning what and how you communicate your ideas

to other people who are older than you are or who occupy a
higher social or professional position such as your parents,
teachers, and supervisors, among others.

Unintended communication

 Happens when you unintentionally send non-verbal messages

to people you are communicating with, or when you
suddenly make negative remarks out of frustration or anger.
 TOPIC 2: THE PROCESS AND ELEMENTS
OF COMMUNICATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:

1. identify the elements of communication in various texts; and

2. illustrate the communication process.
In this case, the process and elements should be put in consideration
in order to communicate effectively. The communication process is a
simple to complex process depending on the situation. The elements
should also be present in order to successfully make a successful
communication process.

In our everyday living, for a communication to be effectively

transmitted, elements of communication must be present and
these include a.)Speaker, b.)Message, c.) Receiver,
d.)Channel, e.)Feedback, and f.) Communicative Situation.
Elements of Communication Process:
Communication process involves elements like
sender, receiver, encoding, decoding, channel/ media, voice and feedback.
These elements are explained below:

1. Sender - He is the person who sends his ideas to another person. For example, if a
manager wants to inform his subordinates about the introduction of a new product, he is
the sender.
2. Message - The idea, feeling, suggestion, guidelines, orders or any content which is
intended to be communicated is message. For example, message is the introduction of new
product.
3. Encoding - It is the process of converting the idea, thinking or any other component of
message into symbols, words, actions, diagram etc. For example, message is connected in
words and actions.
4. Media - It is the medium, passage or route through which encoded message is passed by
the sender to the receiver. There can be various forms of media-face to face communication,
letters, radio, television, e-mail etc. For example manager inform about the introduction of a
new product in a meeting through presentation.
5. Decoding - It means translating the encoded message into language
understandable by the receiver.

6. Receiver - He is the person to whom the message has been sent. For
example, subordinates are receivers.

7. Feedback - It is the response by the receiver. It marks the

completion of the communication process.

8. Noise - It is the hindrance in the process of communication. It can

take place at any step in the entire process. It reduces the accuracy of
communication e.g.
1) Disturbance in the telephone lines,
2) An inattentive receiver
3) Improper Decoding of Message etc
BARRIERS – the factors which may affect the communication
process

Example of barriers to communication

-Culture
-Individual differences
-Language use
-Noise
-Past Experiences
-Status
Communication can
be one- way or two-
way process.
One-way process

-In this model, the sender is active while the receiver is passive during
the communication process.
Communication process consists of following steps:

(i) The sender formulates the message that he wants to convey to the receiver.
(ii)He encodes or translates his message. He may take the help of symbols,
words, actions, diagrams, pictures etc.
(iii)He selects an appropriate channel or medium through which the message is
to be transmitted. It can be face to face communication, letters, radio,
television, e-mail etc.
(iv)The message is received by the receiver.
(v) Received message is decoded by the receiver so that the receiver can draw
the meaning of the message.
(vi)The receiver sends his response to the sender. In case of any confusion, the
same is conveyed and necessary clarification sought.
Two-way process
-the message, information, or ideas are sent a n d received
at t he same time.
-the sender a nd t h e receiver become active during t he
process, a nd bo t h serve as communicators.
Communication Ethics

-Uphold integrity.
-Respect diversity of perspective and
privacy. of expression effectively.
-Observe freedom of expression
effectively.
-Promote access to communication.
-Be open-minded
-Develop your sense of accountability.
Guidelines for Effective Communication

-Be clear with your purpose. Must have a

specific purpose in mind.
-Support your message with facts. Should be
well-prepared with your supporting ideas
through examples, experiences, or
observations when you deliver a message.
-Be concise. Avoid irrelevant or unnecessary
details in your message and keep it brief.
-Provide specific information in your feedback. Give
feedback that is timely, constructive, and specific to the
topic being discussed.
-Adjust to the needs, interests, values, and beliefs of
your audience. Adjust to the needs, interests, values,
and beliefs of your audience.
‘use language or vocabulary which is appropriate
to your audience.
‘avoid technical terms or jargons.
-Observe communication ethics. Help you build
your credibility and make you more
professional.
-Be your natural self and appear very
confident. Have the right attitude and happy
disposition in life; control your emotions, and
think well before you speak.
 TOPIC 3: PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:

1. Identify and explain each of the different principles of

communication; and
2. Exhibit effective communication through application of
communication principles.
INTRODUCTION

In communication, there are set of rules or guidelines which are

necessary to be followed in order to ensure effectiveness and
proper communication. Any person which fails to meet or
consider these principles will likely to fail as a speaker or writer.
There principles are also critical in communicating as it
completes everything about communication.
 GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION

Since communication is a two-way process, it is significant that you

know the principles to be observed to make it effective. For both oral
and written communication, one should be able to apply the following
principles:

1. Know your purpose in communicating. Are you communicating

basically to inform, to entertain, or to persuade? While you may
have more than one purpose, there is still a more dominant
objective or reason why you communicate.
2. Know your audience. In both speaking and writing, you should
know your audience as it will dictate the speaking or writing style
you are going to employ. Consider the age, educational
background, profession, culture, and other salient features of your
listeners or readers
3. Know your topic. You communicate essentially because you want to share
something. In speaking situations, speakers are invited because they have
something to share. This also applies to writing. You write because you wish
that other people learn something from you. You may then utilize several or
multiple communication techniques to easily catch the attention of the
audience.

4. Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation. The

environment in which your speech or writing is to be delivered determines the
kind of language you will use.

5. Work on the feedback given to you. Once you receive comments from the
listeners/readers, work on them. Take kindly to criticisms. In the long run,
constructive criticisms will prove beneficial to you as you learn to address
them
PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE ORAL
COMMUNICATION

1. Be clear with your purpose. You should know by heart your

objective in communicating.
2. Be complete with the message you deliver. Make sure that your
claims are supported by facts and essential information.
3. Be concise. You do not need to be verbose or wordy with your
statements. Brevity in a speech is a must.
4. Be natural with your delivery. Punctuate important words with
the appropriate gestures and movements. Exude a certain degree
of confidence even if you do not feel confident enough.
5. Be specific and timely with your feedback. Inputs are most
helpful when provided on time
SYNTHESIS

-Principles are consideration in the communication

process.
-These principles will ensure effectiveness along the
communication process
TEST YOURSELF!

Direction:
True or False.
_____1. You need to know your purpose in
communicating.
_____2. Conciseness and being specific is the
same.
_____3. You don‘t have to be natural in order
to hide your feelings in communicating.
_____4. Knowing a little information about
your topic is considerable.
_____5. Following these principles will
ensure effective communication.