WHITE’S STAGES OF ORAL

COMMUNICATION
Eugene White

 Eugene White was born on March 29 1933, in Ozan, Arkansas, United States.
 He recently passed away on February 8, 2019 at the age of 85 years old.
 He has spent his professional life teaching, analyzing and criticizing rhetoric.
 He was a great painter and author.
He has many published books including :
 Practical Public Speaking (1978)
 Puritan rhetoric (1972)
 The Context of Human Discourse (1992)
WHITE’S STAGES OF ORALCOMMUNICATION
 Eugene White’s model states that communication is circular and continuous, no beginning or end.

 Starts with thinking in the speaker and ends with monitoring with the speaker in the step-
by-step sequence.
 The speaker is the originator.
 The listener is a passive reactor who does not initiate communication.

Eugene White said that there are 8 stages of oral communication, namely:
 Thinking
 Symbolizing
 Expressing
 Transmitting
 Receiving
 Decoding
 Feedback
 Monitoring

Thinking
 Desire, feelings or an emotion provides the speaker a stimulus to communicate a need.
Symbolizing
This happens before speaker utter sounds. Speaker has to know the code of oral
language, representing his ideas in order to make his selection.
Expressing
Speaker uses vocal mechanism to produce the sounds of language.It is accompanied by
facial expressions, gestures, and body stance.
Transmitting
Sound waves spread at 1,000 feet/ second.Light waves travels at a speed of 186,000
miles/second, carrying the speaker’s message to the listeners.
Receiving
Sound waves impact upon the listener’s ear after which the resulting nerve impulses
reach the brain via the auditory nerve. Light wave strikes the listener’s eye after which the
resulting nerve impulses reach the brain via the optic nerve.
Decoding
The listener interprets the language symbols he receives and thinks further.
Feedback
The listener may manifest overt behavior like a nod, smile, or yawn.
Monitoring
Speaker watches for signs of reception or understanding of his message among
listeners.Speaker is receiving and decoding from his/her audience to adjust in that particular
situation.
The criticisms of this model of communication both comes in positive and negative.
Positive critisms
 It is circular.
 It is very detailed.
 It contains good guidelines.
Negative critisms
 The speaker does not know how to level himself based on his audience.
 The speaker may not realize that he stops frequently.
 Confusions of gestures may occur.
 The speaker might encounter problems regarding his voice, facial expressions and
gestures.
 Some factors may interfere with the travel of information.
 The listener with poor eyesight and hearing are at the disadvantage.
  There might be some unexpected reaction or response from the audience.
 There might be some faulty interpretation.
Summary
Eugene White has 8 stages of oral communication – thinking, symbolizing, expressing,
transmitting, receiving, decoding, feedback, monitoring. His model states that communication is
circular and continuous.
References
https://www.forevermissed.com/eugene-e-white/stories
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/36064437/Lesson-B-Comm-Model-White
https://prezi.com/rfcgo_zdlscc/eugene-whites/?
frame=a3a3c279e8a481480ecbb4bf0a5d7f5276e56643
https://slideplayer.com/slide/6204329/
https://kablogsoralcomm.wordpress.com/2018/09/18/models-of-communication/
https://prezi.com/p/wp6p6lccbyoo/white-stages-oral-communication/#:~:text=Thinking
%2DSymbolizing%2DExpressing%2DTransmitting,Receiving%2DDecoding%2DFeedback
%20%2DMonitoring&text=Thinking%2D%20a%20desire%20%2C%20feelings%20or,stimulus
%20to%20communicate%20a%20need.