REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

All columns are subject to axial forces as well as some bending and they need to be
proportioned to resist both forces.

Columns will tend to bend under the action of moment, which produces compression
on one side of the column and tension on the other side.

These failures are possible under the combined axial and bending loads.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

Large axial load with negligible moment.

Failure under this condition occur by crushing
of concrete with all reinforcing bars in the
column having reached their yield stress in
compression.

Large axial load and small moment with the

entire cross-section in compression. Failure
occurs by crushing of concrete with all bars in
compression.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

Large axial load with moment larger than in

steel bars in far side in tension but have not
yielded. Failure occurs by crushing of concrete.

Balance loading condition. Bars on tensile side

yield at the same time concrete on compression
crushes at 0.85 f’c.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

Large moment, relatively small axial load.

Failure initiated by yielding of tensile bars.

Large bending moment. Failure occurs like

beam.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

PLASTIC CENTRIOD

The plastic centroid of a column cross section is the point through which the
RESULTANT COLUMN LOAD must pass to produce uniform strain failure. It represents
the LOCATION OF THE RESULTANT FORCE produced by the steel and concrete.

The eccentricity of a column load is the distance from the load to the plastic centroid
of the column.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

LOCATING PLASTIC CENTRIOD

All concrete is assumed to be stressed in compression to 0.85f’c and all steel to fy in

compression and the centroid is then located by taking moments due to these forces.

For symmetrical sections, the plastic centroid coincides with the centroid og column
cross section.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

LOCATING PLASTIC CENTRIOD

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

SAMPLE PROBLEM

The section of a T shaped column shown below is reinforced with 4-28mm diameter
bar with fy = 414 Mpa.

1. Determine the location of the centroid of the gross concrete area measured from
x-axis.
2. Determine the resultant force, R.
3. Determine the location of the plastic neutral axis of the column measured from the
x-axis.
4. Determine the factored moment Mu due to factored load P = 3000Kn with e =
150mm from x-axis.

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS – AXIAL LOADING AND BENDING

Reference:
Gillesania DIT, Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Design, 2nd Edition

CE135-1 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN