Topic 8

Theorems in
triangles
Congruency and similarity theorems
Congruency Criteria

Two triangles are

congruent when the
dimensios of their sides
and their angles are the
same.
Congruent triangles
Prove that  △PQR ≅ △PSR

 △PQR ≅ △PSR because of the

ASA Congruence property
Congruent triangles
Prove that △RST ≅ △VUT
.

 △RST ≅ △VUT because of the

AAS Congruence property
Congruent triangles
Prove that QR ≅ SP

*CPCTC: Corresponding Parts of Congruent Triangles are

Congruent
Congruency and similarity theorems
Similarity Criteria

AA Theorem: Two homologue angles.

SSS Theorem: Three proportional sides.
Two triangles are similar if LAL Theorem: An equal angle and proportional sides
they have the same form,
but they are of different
sizes (Scale figures)

𝐴𝐵 𝐷𝐸
∡
=
𝐵𝐶 𝐸𝐹
Similar triangles
Similar right triangles
Similarity Criteria
Catalina wants to measure the width of a river. She marks off two right triangles, as
shown in the figure. The base of the larger triangle has a length of 55m. and the base of
the smaller triangle has a length of 32m. The height of the smaller triangle is 17.1m. How
wide is the river?
Thales theorem

If several parallel straight lines

cut two transversals, it
determines in them segments
proportionally correspondents.

𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐿
=
𝐶𝐵 𝑀𝐿
Thales theorem
Statements
Vertical Angles Reflexive Property

𝐶𝐴=𝐶𝐴

Midpoint and Bisector Segment Perpendicular Segment Parallel Segment

𝐴𝑀= 𝐵𝑀 𝐷𝐴=𝐶𝐵
Pythagoras theorem

In a right triangle the sum of the

squares on the legs equals the
square on the hypotenuse.

2 2 2
𝑎 +𝑏 =𝑐
Pythagoras theorem
A triangular pyramid is formed from three right triangles as shown
below.
Use the information given in the figure to find the length QS.
Exercises
Identifying and naming congruent
parts of congruent triangles
Name all the corresponding congruent angles and sides.
Then, complete the triangle congruence statement.
Identifying and naming congruent
triangles