GLOBAL QUALITY AND SAFETY

MANAGEMENT

JAPAN AND SOUTH KOREA

VAISHNAVI
MAHESH
GUNADEEP
 ABOUT
Also Known As Nippon • Nihon
Head Of Government Prime Minister: Kishida Fumio
Capital Tokyo
Population (2022 est.) 125,816,000
Currency Exchange Rate 1 USD equals 148.789 Japanese yen
constitutional monarchy with a national Diet consisting of two legislative houses
Form Of Government (House of Councillors [242]; House of Representatives [475])
Official Name Nihon, or Nippon (Japan)
Total Area (Sq Km) 377,976
Monetary Unit yen (¥)
Population Rank (2022) 11
Life Expectancy At Birth Male: (2019) 81.4 years • Female: (2019) 87.5 years
Literacy: Percentage Of Population Age 15 And
Over Literate Male: 100% • Female: 100%
Japanese is the national language. Japanese is the national language.
OVERVIEW
• In 2020, Japan was the number 3 economy in the world in terms of GDP
(current US$), the number 4 in total exports, the number 5 in total imports.
• In July 2022 Japan exported ¥8.76T and imported ¥10.2T, resulting in a
negative trade balance of ¥1.43T. Between July 2021 and July 2022 the
exports of Japan have increased by ¥1.4T (19%) from ¥7.36T to ¥8.76T, while
imports increased by ¥3.27T (47.2%) from ¥6.92T to ¥10.2T.

EXPORTS
• The top exports of Japan are Cars ($83.1B), Integrate Circuits ($31.3B), Motor
vehicles; parts and accessories (8701 to 8705) ($28B), Machinery Having
Individual Functions ($19.9B), and Photo Lab Equipment ($12.1B), exporting
mostly to China ($133B), United States ($112B), South Korea ($42.9B),
Chinese Taipei ($42.7B), and Hong Kong ($27.2B).
• In 2020, Japan was the world's biggest exporter of Machinery Having Individual
Functions ($19.9B), Large Construction Vehicles ($8.24B), Hot-Rolled
Iron ($6.72B), Electrical Capacitors ($6.7B), and Disc Chemicals for
Electronics ($4.23B)

IMPORTS
• The top imports of Japan are Crude Petroleum ($38.4B), Petroleum
Gas ($31.4B), Integrated Circuits ($17.7B), Broadcasting Equipment ($17.5B),
and Computers ($14.5B), importing mostly from China ($151B), United
States ($63.1B), Australia ($31.8B), South Korea ($25.1B), and Chinese Taipei
($24.3B).
• In 2020, Japan was the world's biggest importer of Other Prepared
Meat ($3.09B), Processed Tobacco ($2.16B), Fuel Wood ($1.72B), Nickel
Mattes ($1.46B), and Forage Crops ($763M)
AGRI COMMODITIES THAT ARE IMPORTED BY
JAPAN

• Corn
• Beef and beef related products
• Pork & pork related products
• Soya beans
• Wheat
• Processed vegetables
• Nuts
• Fresh fruits
• Dairy products
 QUALITY ASPECTS OF JAPAN
• The main law that governs food quality and integrity in japan is the food sanitation
act ("FSA").
• The law that comprehensively governs the food labeling regulation is the food
labeling act
• The FSA regulates food quality and integrity by:
• Establishing standards and specifications for food, additives, apparatus, and food
containers and packaging;
• Providing for inspection to see whether the established standards are met;
• Providing for hygiene management in the manufacture and sale of food; and
• Licensing food businesses.
The basic labeling requirements
For processed food:
• Product name;
• Use-by-date/best-before-date;, country of origin.
• Name and address of manufacturer (importer, if imported foods);
• Raw materials;
• Additives;
• Nutrient components (calorie, protein, fat, carbohydrate and sodium;
For fresh food:
• Product name;
• Place of origin; and
• Other items required for specifically categorized food (see also sections on GM foods,
nutrition content claims and health claims and mandatory warnings and advisory
statements below).
Country of origin labeling
Under the Labeling Regulations, domestic food must identify that it is a domestic
product and imported food must identify the country of origin, but domestic food can
also be identified by reference to place of origin, etc. instead of being identified as
"domestic food.“
Health claims
"Foods for Specified Health Uses" are those that contain dietary ingredients that have
beneficial effects on the physiological functions of the human body to maintain and
promote health and to improve specific health-related conditions. Approval from the
Consumer Affairs Agency ("CAA") will be required in order to sell a food with "Food
for Special Dietary Uses" labeling, i.e., the food must be approved so that it is allowed
to state on the label that the food is appropriate for maintaining health and/or recovering
from diseases, particularly in infants, young children, pregnant and
lactating women, and patients.
FOOD SAFETY ASPECTS OF JAPAN

Under the FSA, the distribution, processing, manufacturing and importation of the following
food additives are prohibited:
• Foods/food additives which are not hygienic;
• New foods/food additives that may pose a health hazard (not proven);
• Foods/food additives that are manufactured by a particular country, region or person and
involve many legal violations;
• Livestock contracting certain diseases;
Under the FSA containers/packaging are prohibited:
• Hazardous equipment and containers/packaging;
• Equipment and containers/packaging manufactured by a particular country, region or person
that involves many legal violations; and
• Equipment and containers/packaging that do not satisfy the standards 
Also Known As
Head Of State And Government President: Yoon Suk-Yeol, assisted by Prime Minister: Kim Boo-Kyum
Capital
Population
Currency Exchange Rate
Form Of Government
Official Language
Official Name
Total Area (Sq Km)
Population Rank
Population Projection 2030
Urban-Rural Population
Life Expectancy At Birth
Literacy: Percentage Of
Population Age 15 And Over
Literate
Republic of Korea • Taehan Min’guk
Seoul
(2022 est.) 51,582,000
1 USD equals 1436.619 South Korean won
unitary multiparty republic with one legislative house (National Assembly [300])
Korean
Taehan Min’guk (Republic of Korea)
100,222
(2022) 28
53,784,000
Urban: (2018) 81.5% • Rural: (2018) 18.5%
Male: (2019) 80.3 years • Female: (2019) 86.3 years
Male: (2008) 98% • Female: (2008) 98%
Major items of India’s export to Korea are light oils and preparations / oil distillates
(mainly naphtha), cereals, iron and steel. Basic materials comprise the bulk of our exports
and especially naphtha has emerged as the most important item of India’s export to Korea
commanding over 20%. As of December 2021, among the top five items importing from
light oils and preparations (HS Code: 27) recorded 1,853 million, sharing 9.7% of the
total imports

 Korea’s main exports to India are automobile parts, telecommunication equipment, hot
rolled iron products, petroleum refined products, base lubricating oils, nuclear reactors,
mechanical appliances, electrical machinery & parts and iron & steel products. Among
the top five export items to India, as of December 2021, includes petroleum oils and oils
obtained from bituminous minerals, other than crude (HS Code: 27), amounting to US$
1,151 million and shared 4.4% of the total exports.
FOOD QUALITY CONTROL BODIES
In South Korea, food contact materials and articles are regulated under the Food Sanitation Act (the
Act). This Act prohibits the presence or use of toxic/harmful chemicals in food contact utensils,
containers and packaging which could endanger human health. It also directs the Ministry of Food
and Drug Safety (MFDS) to establish standards and specifications for these products.
 The Food Sanitation Act: is the legal basis for the food safety-related work conducted by MFDS.
Among other things, pesticide and veterinary drug standards are governed under this law. 
Functional Food Act: provides the legal basis for MFDS’s oversight of functional foods, such as
health foods and nutritional supplements. 
Special Act on Children’s Dietary Life Safety Management: provides the legal basis for MFDS's
determination and oversight of food products consumed by children. This act restricts the sales and
advertisement of high-calorie, low-nutrient food products and high caffeine food, and introduces a
voluntary color-coded labeling system.