A

Presentation of import export

On
JAPAN
Submitted to : Submitted by:
Dr. Jai Anjali devi
Roll no. = 105

Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra

LOCATION

• JAPAN BORDERS CHINA, NORTH KOREA, SOUTH

KOREA, PHILIPPINES, AND RUSSIA BY SEA.
OVERVIEW

• IN 2021, JAPAN WAS THE NUMBER 3 ECONOMY IN THE WORLD

IN TERMS OF GDP (CURRENT US$), THE NUMBER 4 IN TOTAL
EXPORTS, THE NUMBER 4 IN TOTAL IMPORTS, THE NUMBER 26
ECONOMY IN TERMS OF GDP PER CAPITA (CURRENT US$) AND
THE NUMBER 1 MOST COMPLEX ECONOMY ACCORDING TO THE
ECONOMIC COMPLEXITY INDEX (ECI) .
• IN 2021, JAPAN WAS THE WORLD'S BIGGEST
EXPORTER OF MACHINERY HAVING INDIVIDUAL
FUNCTIONS ($22B), PHOTO LAB
EQUIPMENT ($18.5B), LARGE CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES ($11.8B), HOT-ROLLED IRON ($10.9B),
AND THERMOSTATS ($5.88B)
• IN 2021, JAPAN WAS THE WORLD'S BIGGEST IMPORTER
OF OTHER PREPARED MEAT ($2.85B), PROCESSED
TOBACCO ($2.46B), FUEL
WOOD ($2.09B), ETHERS ($1.61B),
AND SULFATES ($712M)
• 2021
ECONOMIC
COMPLEXITY:2.06,RANK 1 OF 131
• 2021
PRODUCT
EXPORTS | IMPORTS:$731B | $700B,4 OF 226 | 4 OF 226
• 2021
PER CAPITA PRODUCT
EXPORTS | IMPORTS:$5.82K | $5.57K,71 OF 219 | 84 OF 219
• 2019
SERVICE
EXPORTS | IMPORTS
:$205B | $196B,10 OF 108 | 9 OF 108
LATEST TRENDS 2023

• IN JANUARY 2023 JAPAN EXPORTED ¥6.55T AND

IMPORTED ¥10T, RESULTING IN A NEGATIVE TRADE
BALANCE OF ¥3.5T. BETWEEN JANUARY 2022 AND
JANUARY 2023 THE EXPORTS OF JAPAN HAVE INCREASED
BY ¥220B (3.48%) FROM ¥6.33T TO ¥6.55T, WHILE
IMPORTS INCREASED BY ¥1.5T (17.5%) FROM ¥8.55T TO
¥10T.
WHAT DID JAPAN EXPORT IN
2021?
• 11.2% ($85 BILLION): 8703 - MOTOR CARS AND OTHER MOTOR VEHICLES PRINCIPALLY
DESIGNED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF PERSONS (OTHER THAN THOSE OF HEADING 87.02),
INCLUDING STATION WAGONS AND RACING CARS

• 4.49% ($34 BILLION): 8542 - ELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND MICROASSEMBLIES

• 4.29% ($32 BILLION): 8708 - PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF THE MOTOR VEHICLES OF
HEADINGS 87.01 TO 87.05

• 4.03% ($30 BILLION): 8486 - MACHINES AND APPARATUS OF A KIND USED SOLELY OR
PRINCIPALLY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SEMICONDUCTOR BOULES OR WAFERS, SEMICONDUCTOR
DEVICES, ELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS OR FLAT PANEL DISPLAYS; MACHINES & APPARATUS
SPECIFIED IN NOTE 11 (C) TO THIS CHAPTER

• 1.51% ($11.4 BILLION): 8429 - SELF-PROPELLED BULLDOZERS, ANGLEDOZERS, GRADERS,

LEVELERS, SCRAPERS, MECHANICAL SHOVELS, EXCAVATORS, SHOVEL LOADERS, TAMPING MACHINES
AND ROAD ROLLERS
CONTINUE……
• 1.42% ($10.7 BILLION): 7208 - FLAT-ROLLED PRODUCTS OF IRON OR NON-
ALLOY STEEL, OF A WIDTH OF 600 MM OR MORE, HOT-ROLLED, NOT CLAD, PLATED
OR COATED
• 1.35% ($10.2 BILLION): 8541 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES (E.G. DIODES,
TRANSISTORS, SEMICONDUCTOR BASED TRANSDUCERS); INCLUDING PHOTOVOLTAIC
CELLS ASSEMBLED OR NOT IN MODULES OR PANELS, LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES
(LED) ASSEMBLED WITH OTHER LEDS OR NOT, MOUNTED PIEZO-ELECTRIC
CRYSTALS
• 1.32% ($10 BILLION): 8704 - MOTOR VEHICLES FOR THE TRANSPORT OF
GOODS
• 1.28% ($9.76 BILLION): 8479 - MACHINES AND MECHANICAL APPLIANCES
HAVING INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS, NOT SPECIFIED OR INCLUDED ELSEWHERE IN THIS
CHAPTER
 EXPORTS STRUCTURE FROM JAPAN IN 2021
REPRESENTED BY THE FOLLOWING MAIN
COMMODITY GROUPS:
• 19.4% (147 BILLION US$): 84 - NUCLEAR REACTORS, BOILERS, MACHINERY AND
MECHANICAL APPLIANCES; PARTS THEREOF
• 18.2% (137 BILLION US$): 87 - VEHICLES OTHER THAN RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY ROLLING
STOCK, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES THEREOF
• 15.7% (118 BILLION US$): 85 - ELECTRICAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT AND PARTS
THEREOF; SOUND RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, TELEVISION IMAGE AND SOUND
RECORDERS AND REPRODUCERS, AND PARTS AND ACCESSORIES OF SUCH ARTICLES
• 6.65% (50 BILLION US$): 99 - COMMODITIES NOT SPECIFIED ACCORDING TO KIND
• 5.68% (43 BILLION US$): 90 - OPTICAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, CINEMATOGRAPHIC,
MEASURING, CHECKING, PRECISION, MEDICAL OR SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS;
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES THEREO
 CONTINUE……..

• 4.59% (34 BILLION US$): 72 - IRON AND STEEL

• 4% (30 BILLION US$): 39 - PLASTICS AND ARTICLES THEREOF
• 2.42% (18.3 BILLION US$): 29 - ORGANIC CHEMICALS
• 1.93% (14.6 BILLION US$): 38 - MISCELLANEOUS CHEMICAL
PRODUCTS

• 1.88% (14.2 BILLION US$): 71 - NATURAL OR CULTURED PEARLS,

PRECIOUS OR SEMI-PRECIOUS STONES, PRECIOUS METALS, METALS CLAD
WITH PRECIOUS METAL AND ARTICLES THEREOF; IMITATION JEWELRY; COIN
 IMPORTS 2021

• THE TOP IMPORTS OF JAPAN ARE CRUDE

PETROLEUM ($54.9B), PETROLEUM
GAS ($40.2B), INTEGRATED CIRCUITS ($22.7B), COAL
BRIQUETTES ($22.2B), AND REFINED
PETROLEUM ($18.1B), IMPORTING MOSTLY
FROM CHINA ($168B), UNITED
STATES ($71.8B), AUSTRALIA ($47B), CHINESE TAIPEI
($30.2B), AND SOUTH KOREA ($30.1B).
JAPAN POSTS RECORD ¥20
TRILLION TRADE DEFICIT IN 2022

• JAPAN’S BALANCE OF TRADE (EXPORTS MINUS IMPORTS) FOR 2022

ANNOUNCED BY THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE SHOWED A DEFICIT OF
¥20.0 TRILLION. THIS FAR EXCEEDS THE ¥12.8 TRILLION DEFICIT OF
2014, MARKING THE LARGEST TRADE SHORTFALL SINCE
COMPARATIVE STATISTICS WERE FIRST AVAILABLE IN 1979. THIS IS
THE SECOND CONSECUTIVE YEAR FOR JAPAN TO SUFFER A TRADE
DEFICIT. IMPORTS HAVE RISEN SIGNIFICANTLY DUE TO THE
COMBINATION OF A DEPRECIATING YEN AND SOARING ENERGY
PRICES RESULTING FROM RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE.
CONTINUE…….

• IMPORTS INCREASED 39.2% YEAR ON YEAR, TO ¥118.2 TRILLION,

SURPASSING THE ¥100 TRILLION MARK FOR THE FIRST TIME IN
HISTORY. IMPORTS OF UNREFINED CRUDE OIL AND LIQUEFIED
NATURAL GAS SHOT UP TO ¥13.3 TRILLION (91.5% INCREASE) AND
¥8.5 TRILLION (97.5% INCREASE), RESPECTIVELY. CRUDE OIL
PRICES ROSE 76.5% YEAR ON YEAR IN YEN TERMS AND 47.6% IN
DOLLAR TERMS. THE UNIT PRICE IN YEN WAS A RECORD HIGH OF
¥84,728 PER KILOLITER.
 CONTINUE……..

• JAPAN’S EXPORTS ROSE 18.2% YEAR ON YEAR, TO A RECORD HIGH OF

¥98.2 TRILLION, ON THE BACK OF STRONG SALES OF AUTOMOBILES
(21.4% INCREASE TO ¥5.6 TRILLION), STEEL (24.2% INCREASE TO ¥4.7
TRILLION), AND OTHER COMMODITIES. BUT THIS INCREASE WAS NOT
ENOUGH TO OFFSET THE SURGING IMPORTS.
• BY COUNTRY OR REGION, JAPAN ENJOYED A ¥6.5 BILLION SURPLUS
WITH THE UNITED STATES, BUT REGISTERED A ¥5.8 BILLION DEFICIT
WITH CHINA. THE TRADE DEFICIT WITH MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES
ROSE TO ¥12.7 BILLION DUE TO THE SOARING ENERGY PRICES.
• IN THE PAST, JAPAN ACCUMULATED HUGE TRADE SURPLUSES AS
AN EXPORT POWERHOUSE, RESULTING AT TIMES IN SEVERE TRADE
FRICTION WITH THE UNITED STATES. THIS WAS FOLLOWED BY A
SHIFT TO OVERSEAS PRODUCTION OF COMMODITIES THAT HAD
GENERATED TRADE SURPLUSES, SUCH AS AUTOMOBILES AND
ELECTRONICS, WHILE IMPORTS OF LNG AND CRUDE OIL SURGED
AMID THE RETURN TO THERMAL POWER GENERATION AFTER THE
2011 FUKUSHIMA NUCLEAR ACCIDENT. THE COMBINATION OF
THESE FACTORS HAS PLACED JAPAN IN THE DIFFICULT SITUATION
OF CONFRONTING TRADE DEFICITS THAT CAN BALLOON UNDER THE
INFLUENCE OF CHANGES IN EXCHANGE RATES AND THE PRICES OF
RAW MATERIALS.
 JAPANESE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
DECLINE BY 3.5% IN OCTOBER 2022
• JAPAN’S MINISTRY OF FINANCE ANNOUNCED THAT THE COUNTRY’S
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES WERE $1.194 TRILLION (AROUND
¥176 TRILLION) AT THE END OF OCTOBER 2022, DOWN $43.4
BILLION (ABOUT ¥6.4 TRILLION) FROM SEPTEMBER. THE DECLINE IS
THE RESULT OF THE GOVERNMENT INTERVENING IN THE FOREIGN
EXCHANGE MARKET BY BUYING YEN AND SELLING DOLLARS, ALONG
WITH LOSSES ON VALUATION OF FOREIGN BONDS DUE TO RISING US
INTEREST RATES. OCTOBER MARKED THE THIRD STRAIGHT MONTH
OF DECLINE, WHICH AT 3.5% WAS THE SECOND LARGEST ON
RECORD FOLLOWING SEPTEMBER’S 4.2% DECREASE.
 CONTINUE…….

• AMONG FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES, FOREIGN BONDS AND

OTHER SECURITIES DECREASED BY $43.9 BILLION (AROUND ¥6.5
TRILLION) TO $941.3 BILLION, NEARLY EQUIVALENT TO THE OVERALL
DECLINE. ACCORDING TO THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE, THE
GOVERNMENT SPENT ¥6.35 TRILLION ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE
INTERVENTION BETWEEN SEPTEMBER 29 AND OCTOBER 27, RAISING
THE POSSIBILITY THAT IT BOUGHT YEN WITH CASH CONVERTED FROM
US TREASURY BONDS. AT THE SAME TIME, FOREIGN CURRENCY
DEPOSITS INCREASED BY $900 MILLION FROM THE END OF
SEPTEMBER TO $137 BILLION.
• IN JANUARY 2023, THE TOP EXPORTS OF JAPAN
WERE CARS (¥778B), COMMODITIES NOT ELSEWHERE
SPECIFIED (¥525B), INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (¥323B), MACHINES
AND APPARATUS OF A KIND... (¥228B), AND MOTOR VEHICLES;
PARTS AND ACCESSORIES (8701... (¥223B). IN JANUARY 2023
THE TOP IMPORTS OF JAPAN WERE CRUDE
PETROLEUM (¥1.01T), PETROLEUM GAS (¥964B), COAL
BRIQUETTES (¥756B), TELEPHONES (¥456B), AND INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS (¥314B).
• IN JANUARY 2023 THE EXPORTS OF JAPAN WERE MAINLY
FROM AICHI (¥1.13T), CHIBA (¥1.11T), OSAKA (¥813B), K
ANAGAWA (¥643B), AND TOKYO (¥546B), WHILE IMPORTS
DESTINATIONS WERE
MAINLY CHIBA(¥2.31T), TOKYO (¥1.37T), OSAKA (¥1.11T)
, KANAGAWA (¥892B), AND AICHI (¥869B).
• IN JANUARY 2023, JAPAN EXPORTED MOSTLY TO UNITED
STATES (¥1.23T), CHINA (¥968B), SOUTH
KOREA (¥513B), TAIWAN (¥420B), AND THAILAND (¥302B),
AND IMPORTED MOSTLY
FROM CHINA (¥2.39T), AUSTRALIA(¥1.03T), UNITED
STATES (¥950B), UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (¥454B),
AND SAUDI ARABIA (¥446B).
 GROWTH

• IN JANUARY 2023, THE INCREASE IN JAPAN'S YEAR-BY-YEAR

EXPORTS WAS EXPLAINED PRIMARILY BY AN INCREASE IN EXPORTS
TO UNITED STATES (¥114B OR 11.4%), SOUTH
KOREA (¥78.2B OR 18.2%), AND AUSTRALIA (¥47.3B OR
39.7%), AND PRODUCT EXPORTS INCREASE IN COMMODITIES
NOT ELSEWHERE SPECIFIED (¥105B OR 27.9%), REFINED
PETROLEUM (¥72.8B OR 126%), AND INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS (¥59.4B OR 23.6%).
• IN JANUARY 2023, THE INCREASE IN JAPAN'S YEAR-BY-YEAR
IMPORTS WAS EXPLAINED PRIMARILY BY AN INCREASE IN IMPORTS
FROM CHINA (¥410B OR 23.8%), AUSTRALIA (¥365B OR
98.8%), AND UNITED STATES (¥197B OR 33.7%), AND
PRODUCT IMPORTS INCREASE IN CRUDE PETROLEUM (¥342B OR
84.9%), COAL BRIQUETTES (¥251B OR 171%),
AND PETROLEUM GAS (¥211B OR 49.4%).
TOOLS
MODE OF TRANSPORT FOR EXPORT IMPORT

1. SEA TRANSPORT
2. AIR TRANSPORT
3. MULTI MODAL TRANSPORT
4. ROAD TRANSPORT.
SEA TRANSPORT

SEA TRANSPORT INVOLVES CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY THE SHIP FROM

THE POINT OF SHIPMENT TO PORT OF DISCHARGE. THE CONTRACT OF
CARRIAGE OF CARGO BY SEA REFERS TO THE CONTRACT BETWEEN THE
SHIPPER AND SHIPPING COMPANY (CARRIER) FOR TRANSPORTATION OF
GOODS AGAINST PAYMENT REMUNERATION, KNOWN AS FREIGHT, TO THE
CARRIER. THE SHIPPER MAY BE EXPORTER OR CONSIGNOR BECOMES
THE SHIPPER WHEN HE IS ACTING ON BEHALF OF THE EXPORTER.
EXPORTER MAY ENTER INTO THE CONTRACT WITH OVERSEAS BUYER
AND LATER THE EXPORTER MAY ENTER INTO ANOTHER CONTRACT WITH A
THIRD PARTY FOR EXECUTION OF THE EXPORT CONTRACT.
 AIR TRANSPORT

AIRFREIGHT IS NOW USED BY MOST INDUSTRIAL SECTORS AND DISTRIBUTION

CHAINS BECAUSE ITS SPEED AND EXTENSIVE CONNECTIONS MAKE IT AN IDEAL MEANS OF
TRANSPORT FOR MANY IMPORT AND EXPORT OPERATIONS SUCH AS:

• HIGH-VALUE GOODS: LUXURY GOODS WHERE DELIVERY TIME AND SAFETY ARE A PRIORITY.
• URGENT GOODS: GOODS THAT CAN’T WAIT BECAUSE OF DETERIORATION OR BECAUSE
THEIR DELAY GENERATES A HIGHER COST. THESE MAY BE PERISHABLE FOOD,
PHARMACEUTICALS, HUMANITARIAN AID, COMMERCIAL SAMPLES, DOCUMENTS AMONG
OTHER THINGS…
ADVANTAGES OF AIR FREIGHT

• SPEED: IT IS THE FASTEST MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION THAT EXISTS AND, THEREFORE, IT

IS ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED WHEN SHORT DELIVERY TIMES ARE REQUIRED. IF SEA
TRANSPORT IS COUNTED IN DAYS OR WEEKS, AIR TRANSPORT IS COUNTED IN HOURS.

• AVAILABILITY: THERE ARE THOUSANDS OF FLIGHTS A DAY. THEIR FREQUENCY FACILITATES

SHIPMENTS AT ANY TIME AND TO ANY PLACE.

• NO GEOGRAPHICAL BARRIERS. MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO TRAVEL WITHOUT LIMITATIONS,

ALWAYS CHOOSING THE SHORTEST AND MOST DIRECT ROUTE ACROSS SEAS OR
MOUNTAINS.
 CONTINUE………..

• WIDE COVERAGE: IT IS EVEN POSSIBLE TO REACH DISTANT PLACES OR AREAS THAT ARE
NOT EASILY ACCESSIBLE BY OTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORT.

• RELIABILITY: IT HAS THE LOWEST PERCENTAGE OF CARGO LOSSES OR BREAKAGE. FOR

THIS REASON, INSURANCES FOR GOODS IN AIR TRANSPORT TEND TO BE LOWER THAN
IN LAND OR SEA.

• LESS BUREAUCRATIC LOGISTICS AND CUSTOMS FORMALITIES. THEY ARE ALSO SIMPLER
THAN, FOR EXAMPLE, SEA FREIGHT.

•
DISADVANTAGES OF AIR FREIGHTS

• IT IS THE MOST EXPENSIVE MEAN OF TRANSPORTATION. THIS MAKES IT UNSUITABLE

FOR THE TRANSPORT OF LOW-COST GOODS. HOWEVER, THE ECONOMIC COST IS
JUSTIFIED BY ITS SPEED AND DELIVERY TIME IN COMPARISON TO OTHER MEANS OF
TRANSPORT. IN ADDITION, PRICES ARE PROGRESSIVELY DECREASING.

• IT IS CONDITIONED BY THE WEATHER, WHICH CAN CAUSE CANCELLATIONS OR DELAYS

OF SCHEDULED FLIGHTS.

• IT HAS LIMITED CARGO CAPACITY. IN COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFTS, THE SUPPLY OF CARGO

SPACE IS DEPENDENT ON THE PASSENGER DEMAND. INCREASINGLY MORE AND MORE
CARGO AIRCRAFTS ARE BECOMING AVAILABLE WITH MORE STORAGE SPACE, BUT STILL
NOT ENOUGH TO BE ABLE TO COMPETE WITH OTHER MEANS OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT.
 CONTINUE……

• THERE ARE LEGAL SECURITY RESTRICTIONS. IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO TRANSPORT BY AIR

PETROLEUM, OILS, HAZARDOUS PRODUCTS…

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT. DUE TO THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF A COMPANY’S

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, IT ’S IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF
ITS SHIPPING OPERATIONS. YOU CAN CHOOSE TO SHIP BY SEA IF YOU RUN AN
ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE COMPANY THAT IS RECOGNIZED FOR ITS SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY. CONSIDER AIR FREIGHT IF YOUR BUSINESS STRATEGY DOES NOT
PRIORITIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.
ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT

• THE JAPAN ROAD FREIGHT TRANSPORT MARKET IS SEGMENTED BY END USER

( AGRICULTURE, FISHING AND FORESTRY, CONSTRUCTION, MANUFACTURING,
OIL AND GAS, MINING AND QUARRYING, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE,
OTHERS ) , BY DESTINATION ( DOMESTIC, INTERNATIONAL ) , BY TRUCKLOAD
SPECIFICATION ( FULL TRUCKLOAD, LESS THAN TRUCKLOAD ) , BY
CONTAINERIZATION ( CONTAINERIZED, NON- CONTAINERIZED ) , BY DISTANCE
( LONG HAUL, SHORT HAUL ) , BY PRODUCT TYPE ( LIQUID GOODS, SOLID
GOODS ) AND BY TEMPERATURE CONTROL ( CONTROLLED, NON-
CONTROLLED )
MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT

• THE MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT OPERATOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR

THE COMPLETE SHIPMENT OF GOODS/CARGO FROM THE PLACE
OF PICK-UP TO THE PLACE OF DELIVERY. THEY ARE ALSO MORE
OR LESS RESPONSIBLE FOR ALL KINDS OF COMMUNICATION AND
COORDINATION INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS.
TOP TRADING PARTNERS (IMPORT SOURCES)
OF JAPAN IN 2021
• CHINA WITH A SHARE OF 24% (185 BILLION US$)
• USA WITH A SHARE OF 10.7% (82 BILLION US$)
• AUSTRALIA WITH A SHARE OF 6.76% (52 BILLION US$)
• OTHER ASIA, NES WITH A SHARE OF 4.34% (33 BILLION US$)
• KOREA WITH A SHARE OF 4.15% (32 BILLION US$)
• SAUDI ARABIA WITH A SHARE OF 3.56% (27 BILLION US$)
• UNITED ARAB EMIRATES WITH A SHARE OF 3.51% (27 BILLION US$)
• THAILAND WITH A SHARE OF 3.41% (26 BILLION US$)
• GERMANY WITH A SHARE OF 3.06% (23 BILLION US$)
• VIETNAM WITH A SHARE OF 2.97% (23 BILLION US$)
JAPANESE WORKERS NOT
CONSULTING WITH LABOR UNIONS

• THE RESULTS OF A SURVEY ON LABOR UNIONS, CONDUCTED

BY THE JAPANESE TRADE UNION CONFEDERATION
(RENGO) IN LATE OCTOBER 2022, SHOWS THAT WORKING
PEOPLE IN JAPAN DO NOT VIEW LABOR UNIONS AS
ORGANIZATIONS THAT CAN HELP THEM. THE ONLINE
SURVEY WAS BASED ON 2,000 VALID RESPONSES FROM
INDIVIDUALS AGED 15 OR OLDER NATIONWIDE.
 CONTINUE…..

• IN RESPONSE TO A SURVEY QUESTION ABOUT WORK-

RELATED DISSATISFACTION, THE MOST COMMON PROBLEM
CITED WAS LOW WAGES (32.9%), FOLLOWED BY POOR
COWORKER RELATIONS (18.1%) AND UNCERTAINTY ABOUT
THE FUTURE OF ONE’S COMPANY (16.0%). ABOUT TWO IN
THREE OF THE RESPONDENTS WERE DISSATISFIED WITH
THEIR JOBS IN SOME WAY, WHILE 32.0% SAID THEY HAD
NO PARTICULAR COMPLAINT.
• WHEN THOSE WHO WERE DISSATISFIED WITH THEIR
WORKPLACE OR JOB WERE ASKED WHAT THEY HAD DONE TO
RESOLVE THE PROBLEM, THE BULK OF THEM, AT 58.9%, SAID
THEY HAD DONE NOTHING. IN OTHER WORDS, MOST
CONTINUE TO WORK WITH A SENSE OF DISSATISFACTION.
AMONG THOSE WHO TOOK ACTION, 20.3% CONSULTED WITH
A FAMILY MEMBER AND 15.1% CONSULTED WITH THE HUMAN
RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OR A SUPERVISOR, WHILE JUST
3.0% CONSULTED A LABOR UNION.
• AMONG THE SURVEY RESPONDENTS, 25.9% ARE MEMBERS
OF A LABOR UNION, WHILE 51.8% ARE NOT. BY AGE GROUP,
THE YOUNGER THE RESPONDENTS, THE MORE LIKELY THEY
WERE TO BE UNSURE ABOUT WHETHER THEY ARE ACTUALLY
LABOR UNION MEMBERS OR NOT. IN PARTICULAR, 63.6% OF
WOMEN IN THEIR TEENS AND 51.5% OF WOMEN IN THEIR
TWENTIES WERE UNSURE.
JAPAN’S POPULATION DECLINE: NORTHERN
PREFECTURES SEE LARGEST DECREASE IN
2022

• AN ESTIMATE PUBLISHED BY JAPAN’S MINISTRY OF INTERNAL

AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS SHOWS THAT THE TOTAL
POPULATION AS OF OCTOBER 1, 2022, WAS 124,947,000. THIS WAS
A DROP OF 556,000 (0.44%) FROM THE PREVIOUS YEAR. IT IS THE
TWELFTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR THAT THE POPULATION DECREASED.
THE NATURAL POPULATION DECLINE, CALCULATED BY SUBTRACTING
BIRTHS FROM DEATHS, REACHED A RECORD HIGH OF 731,000, RISING
FOR THE SEVENTEENTH YEAR RUNNING. THERE WAS A NET INCREASE
IN IMMIGRATION, BOUNCING BACK AFTER A DECREASE IN 2021, WITH
175,000 MORE PEOPLE ENTERING JAPAN THAN LEAVING IT.
• BY PREFECTURE, THE POPULATION ONLY INCREASED IN TOKYO, WITH
DECREASES IN ALL THE REMAINING 46 PREFECTURES. OKINAWA’S
POPULATION FELL FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE ITS REVERSION TO
JAPANESE SOVEREIGNTY IN 1972. IN 14 PREFECTURES, THE RATE OF
POPULATION DECLINE WAS MORE THAN 1%, INCLUDING AKITA (-
1.59%), AOMORI (-1.39%), AND IWATE (-1.32%), ALL IN THE NORTH
OF JAPAN.
Working population in Japan

• BY AGE GROUP, THE WORKING POPULATION, CONSISTING OF PEOPLE

AGED 15 TO 64, STOOD AT 74,208,000; A YEAR-ON-YEAR DECREASE OF
296,000. ACCOUNTING FOR 59.4% OF THE TOTAL, THIS WAS THE SAME
AS THE PREVIOUS YEAR AND REMAINED THE LOWEST EVER PERCENTAGE,
BASED ON STATISTICS SINCE 1950. MEANWHILE, THE SENIOR
POPULATION AGED 65 AND OVER, INCREASED BY 22,000 YEAR-ON-
YEAR TO 36,236,000. THIS COHORT IS 29.0% OF THE TOTAL
POPULATION, WHICH IS THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE ON RECORD. WITHIN
THAT RANGE, PEOPLE AGED 75 YEARS OR OLDER INCREASED BY
691,000 TO 19,361,000, OR 53.4% OF JAPAN’S SENIOR POPULATION.
INDIA EXPORTS TO JAPAN - 2023 DATA
JAPAN EXPORTS TO INDIA - 2023
REFERENCES :