PEDIGREE ANALYSIS

By- sajjad ali

Class 12 A
Roll no 27
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT INHERITANCE
 An autosomal dominant trait expresses in a
heterozygous state(Aa).
 Homozygotes(AA not aa) of it are severely affected
because of a double dose of an abnormal gene.
 Males and females are equally likely to be affected;

 Each affected offspring has an affected parent;

 On average, half of the offspring of an affected

parent are affected;
 Offspring of unaffected individuals are unaffected.
 Normal children of an affected person do not transmit
the disease.
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
 An heterozygous(Aa) for an autosomal recessive trait is
called carrier.
 Males and females are equally likely to be affected;

 Parents and children of affected individuals are usually

unaffected;
 On average, 1/4 of sibs in a sibship containing an
affected individual are affected;
 Parents of affected individuals are more likely to be
related.
 If both parents are carriers and both are
heterozygote bearing one recessive gene F and
one normal gene f mating result in: 25% normal,
50% heterozygote carriers and 25% homozygote
affected children.
 If one parent is heterozygote carrier and the other parent
is homozygous affected, the progeny is as follows: half
of the children will be affected and rest 50% will be
heterozygote carrier.
 If both parent are affected, i.e. they are homozygous for
the abnormal gene, all children will be (homozygous)
affected.
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
X LINKED INHERITANCE
 Males are said to be hemizygous in respect of X-linked
gene since they have one X chromosome.
 An X Linked recessive trait is determined by a gene
carried on the X chromosome. It manifests in female
only when it is double dose(homozygous state).
Therefore females are rarely affected.
 A heterozygous female form is carrier.
 In males who are hemizygous for X linked genes the trait
express in single dose. This means males with single
mutant gene on their X chromosomes are affected.
X LINKED DOMINANT
 Females are twice as likely to be affected as males;
 Affected males have no affected sons and must have
affected daughters;
 Affected females have equal numbers of affected males
and females;
 Unaffected males have neither affected sons nor affected
daughters.

Affected female if homozygote(XHY,H) transmits traits
to all her children.
X LINKED DOMINANT
X LINKED DOMINANT
X LINKED RECESSIVE
 Affected males far outnumber than affected females; in
other words the trait affects males(rarely female).
 The trait is transmitted from an affected male through all
his daughters to half of their sons.
 No male to male transmission occurs since father
contributes only Y chromosome to his sons.
X LINKED RECESSIVE