Ground Engaging Tools

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 System Selection

Boneyard Understanding
Operating Techniques Analysis Wear

Inspection & Maintenance

Record Keeping

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Bottom Wear

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Corner Wear

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Scalloping

Bare
Bucket

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 Wear

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 Wear

Material Flow Material Flow

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 Bucket Maintenance Tips

Never Operate a Bare Bucket

Minimize Ground Contact
Bucket Positioner in Proper Adjustment
Rotate Tips from Ends to Center and from
Center to Ends
Flip Bucket Tips Over
Run Edge Segments and Tips to Full Service
Life but not Beyond
Inspect Welds and High Wear Areas on Buckets
Include GET and Buckets in Maintenance Schedule

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 Dozer Maintenance Tips
 Torque-Bang-Torque
- Correct Torque
 Don’t Wear into Moldboard
 Operator Technique
- Corner Loading
- Blade Angle
 Monitor for Balanced System Wear
 Rotate Edges
 Use the Thickest Edge Providing
Required Penetration
 Protect Blade from Excessive Wear
- Don’t Overprotect

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 Ripper Maintenance Tips

Start with Longest Centerline

(Long or Intermediate Tip)

Install Penetration Tips with Rib Up

Operator Technique

Always Use a Shank Protector

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Speed + Downward Pressure = Wear

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 Motor Grader Tips
 Operator Technique
 Speed

 Downward Pressure

 Blade Angle

 Cast Angle

 Change Edges Before Wearing Into Moldboard

 Use Largest Edge that Penetrates
 Use Hardened Washers on Plow Bolts
 Torque-Bang-Torque
 Correct Torque

 Propeller Overlay End Bits

 Use Where Corner Wear Is High

 Grader Bit
 Remove, Clean, Grease, Replace Every 6-12 Months

 Rotate Bits for Even Wear

 Don’t Replace Prematurely

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 Identify:

Brand of GET

Mode of Wear-Out
Percent Usable
How the Components Wear Relative to Each Other
in the System
Failure Modes

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 Premature Replacement
 Failure to Rotate Tips
 Adapter Damage
 Breakage
 Misadjusted
Attachments
 Poor Operating
Techniques

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Glossary
Abrasive - Any substance used for abrading, such as grinding, polishing, blasting, etc.
Material may be bonded to form wheels, bricks and files, or applied to paper and cloth by
means of glue. Natural abrasives include emery, corundum, garnet, sand, etc. Main
manufactured abrasives are silicon carbide and aluminium oxide. Metallic shot and grit are
also used as abrasives in cleaning castings.
Alloying Elements - Elements added to nonferrous and ferrous metals and alloys to change
their characteristics and properties.
Alloy Steel - Steel consisting of substantial amounts of one or more alloying elements added
to a carbon steel to modify the properties of the steel.
ARM (Abrasion Resistant Material) - Application of tungsten carbide particles to a part to
protect critical wear areas.
Breakage - Failure of a part when subjected to a load.
Brinell Hardness Test - Value of hardness of a metal or alloy, tested by measuring the
diameter of an impression made by a ball of given diameter applied under a known load.
Values are expressed in millimeters.
Carbon Steel - Steel which owes its properties chiefly to various percentages of carbon
without substantial amounts of other alloying elements; also known as ordinary steel or
straight carbon or plain carbon steel.
Cost Per Hour - Average amount of customer’s expense for each ton of material moved.

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Glossary
Cost Per Ton - Average amount of customer’s expense for each ton of material moved.
DH-2 Steel - A steel alloy which thru hardens.
DH-3 Steel - A thru-hardened steel alloy that remains hard at higher operating temperatures,
providing long wear life.
Fitup - Extent to which a given part fits with a mating part.
Footprint - Worn portion of part that contacts the working surface.
Hardness - The ability of a metal to resist penetration..
Heat Resistance - Ability of a part to withstand higher operating temperatures.
Impact Resistance - Ability of a part to resist shock loads.
Low Hydrogen Weld Overlay (Butter Beading) - A prewelded overlay that eliminates the need
to preheat before welding.
Metallurgy - Science dealing with the constituents, structure and properties of metals and
alloys, and the processes by which they are obtained from ore and adapted to the use of man.
Penetration - Ability to dig into material or working surface.
Retention - Ability of one part to maintain a proper fit with mating part, such as tip and
adapter.

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Glossary
Rockwell Hardness Test - This test measures hardness by determing the depth of penetration
of a penetrator into the specimen under certain arbitrarily fixed test conditions.
Strength - Ability of a part to withstand impact.
Tempering - Application of heat to quenched, hardened steels or to steels in the martensitic
condition. Temperatures employed in tempering are from slightly above room temperature to
approximately 1200F. Tempering can also be accomplished by the austempering or
martempering methods. Tempering is also called drawing.
Thru-Hardened Steel - Metal which has been hardened to approximately the same level
throughout.
Tensile Strength - The maximum tensile load per unit area (PSI) a material can carry before
failure.
Toughness - The ability of a material to absorb considerable energy (impact) before fracture.
This is usually represented by the area under a stress-strain curve and, therefore, involves both
ductility and strength.
Warranty - In the case of Caterpillar, the policy which spells out circumstances under which
broken or failed parts will be replaced free of charge.

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Glossary
Wear Life - Duration of a part’s wear material.
Wear Material - Any portion of a part that is subject to wear.
Wear Resistance - A part’s ability to withstand abrasion
Yield Point - In mild or low carbon steel, the stress at which marked increase in deformation
occurs without an increase in load. In other steels and in nonferrous metals, this phenomenon
is not observed.

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