EMM 213 STRENGHT OF

MATERIALS

Bending

DR. NORWAHIDA YUSOFF

menorwahida@usm.my
Shear Force And Bending Moment

Beams and shafts are very important structural and

mechanical elements in engineering.
Objectives:
 Determine the stress in these members caused by
bending.
 To establish the shear and moment diagram (SMD) –
SMD provide a useful means for determining the
largest shear and moment in a member, and they
specify where these maximum occur.
 Shear and Moment Diagrams
Members with support loadings applied perpendicular
to their longitudinal axis are called beams.
Beams classified according to the way they are
supported.

Chapter 6: Bending
Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
© 2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
 Types of Loadings

Point Load Couple

Uniformly Distributed Load Linearly Varying Distributed Load

Chapter 6: Bending
Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
© 2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
 Shear and Moment Diagrams
 Shear and moment functions can be plotted in graphs called shear
and moment diagrams.
 Positive directions indicate the distributed load acting upward on the
beam and clockwise rotation of the beam segment on which it acts.

Chapter 6: Bending
Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
© 2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Sketch the shear force and bending moment diagrams for
the beam shown below.
Example 4
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown.
 Graphical Method
Why graphical Method?

 Simpler method for constructing the Shear and

Bending Moment Diagrams
 In cases where a beam is subjected to several
different loadings, determining V and M as functions
of x and then plotting these equation become quite
tedious
A. Regions of distributed load

• Relationship between load and shear:

dV Slope of shear diagram = - distributed load intensity

 w at each point at each point

dx

• Relationship between shear and bending moment:

dM Slope of moment diagram = shear at each point

V at each point
dx
 Distributed loading:
+ve and increases from zero
to wB
Shear Diagram:
Curve that has a –ve slope,
increasing from zero to -wB
dV
 w
dx
• Slope of the Moment Diagram
is equal to the shear.
• Shear Diagram: Shear start
at +VA, decreases to zero and
then becomes –ve and
decreases to –VB
dM
V
dx Moment Diagram: Have an
initial slope of +VA which
decreases to zero, then the
slope becomes –ve and
decreases to -VB
Can be rewritten,
dV = -w(x)dx and dV
 w
dM = V dx, where dx

w(x)dx and V dx
represent differential areas
under distributed loading
and shear diagram
dM
respectively V
dx
For area under C and D:
ΔV = - ∫w(x)dx
Change in shear = - area ΔM = - ∫V(x)dx,
under distributed loading Change in moment =area under shear diagram
B. Regions of concentrated force and moment
FBD of a small segment under
concentrated force,
+ ΣFy = 0, V – F - (V + ΔV) = 0
ΔV = - F
(Note: If F act downwards, ΔV is –ve, shear
will jump downward)

Moment:
+ ΣMo = 0, M + ΔM – Mo – VΔx – M = 0
For Δx 0, ΔM = Mo
(Note: If Mo is applied CW, ΔM is +ve, so
the moment diagram will jump upward.
Likewise, when Mo acts CCW, the jump ΔM
will be downward)
Some common loading, shear and moment diagram
N
o
t

t
o

b
e

m
e
m
o
r
i
z
e
d
Example 5
Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the
beam and loading shown
Example 6
Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams for the
beam and loading shown