USED FOR

POTENTIALLY
MALIGNANT
DISORDERS
SHAZA HASSAN
100-D-17
ORAL MEDICINE ASSIGNMENT
INTRODUCTION

• Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. Oral malignancies are usually well
advanced at the time of diagnosis. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and the disease is life
threatening, with high morbidity resulting from late treatment. Early detection and treatment gives the
best chance for its cure
 DEFINITION

• Mouth cancer, also known as oral cancer, is where a tumour develops in a part of the mouth. It
may be on the surface of the tongue, the inside of the cheeks, the roof of the mouth (palate), the lips
or gums.Tumours can also develop in the glands that produce saliva, the tonsils at the back of the
mouth, and the part of the throat connecting your mouth to your windpipe (pharynx). However, these are
less common.
CLASSIFICATION

1. Lymphoma
2. Minor salivary gland, including:Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)Mucoepidermoid
carcinomaPolymorphous low grade adenocarcinomaCarcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma
3. Mucosal malenoma
4. Sarcomas
5. Squamous cell carcinoma
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (MOST
COMMON)
Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a common form of skin cancer that develops in the
squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.Squamous cell carcinoma of
the skin is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive. Untreated, squamous cell
carcinoma of the skin can grow large or spread to other parts of your body, causing serious
complications.
SYMPTOMS

• Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin most often occurs on sun-exposed skin, such as your
scalp, the backs of your hands, your ears or your lips. But it can occur anywhere on your body,
including inside your mouth, the bottoms of your feet and on your genitals.Signs and symptoms
of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin include:A firm, red noduleA flat sore with a scaly crustA
new sore or raised area on an old scar or ulcerA rough, scaly patch on your lip that may evolve
to an open soreA red sore or rough patch inside your mouthA red, raised patch or wartlike sore
on or in the anus or on your genitals
DIAGNOSIS

• Tests and procedures used to diagnose squamous cell carcinoma of the skin include:Physical
exam. Your doctor will ask questions about your health history and examine your skin to look for
signs of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin.Removing a sample of tissue for testing. To confirm
a squamous cell carcinoma of the skin diagnosis, your doctor will use a tool to cut away some
or all of the suspicious skin lesion (biopsy). What type of skin biopsy you undergo depends on
your particular situation. The tissue is sent to a
• laboratory for examination.
MANAGEMENT.

• Most squamous cell carcinomas of the skin can be completely removed with relatively minor
surgery or occasionally with a medicine applied to the skin. Which treatments are best for you
depends on the size, location and aggressiveness of the tumor, as well as your own
preferences.
TREATMENTS FOR VERY SMALL SKIN CANCERS

• If your skin cancer is very small and has a low risk of spreading, you might consider less invasive
treatments, including:Curettage and electrodessication (C and E). C and E treatment involves
removing the surface of the skin cancer with a scraping instrument (curet) and then searing the
base of the cancer with an electric needle. This treatment is often used for small or very
superficial squamous cell cancers of the skin.Laser therapy. An intense beam of light vaporizes
growths, usually with little damage to surrounding tissue and with a reduced risk of bleeding,
swelling and scarring. Laser treatment may be an option for very superficial skin lesions.Freezing.
This treatment involves freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery). It may be an
option for treating superficial skin lesions. Freezing might be done after using a scraping
instrument (curet) to remove the surface of the skin cancer.Photodynamic therapy. Photodynamic
therapy combines photosensitizing drugs and light to treat superficial skin cancers. During
photodynamic therapy, a liquid drug that makes the cancer cells sensitive to light is applied to the
skin. Later, a light that destroys the skin cancer cells is shined on the area.
TREATMENTS FOR LARGER SKIN CANCERS

• More invasive treatments might be recommended for larger squamous cell carcinomas and
those that extend deeper into the skin. Options might include:Simple excision. In this procedure,
your doctor cuts out the cancerous tissue and a surrounding margin of healthy skin. Your doctor
may recommend removing additional normal skin around the tumor in some cases (wide
excision). To minimize scarring, especially on your face, consult a doctor skilled in skin
reconstruction.Mohs surgery. During Mohs surgery, your doctor removes the cancer layer by
layer, examining each layer under the microscope until no abnormal cells remain. This allows
the surgeon to be certain the entire growth is removed and avoid taking an excessive amount of
surrounding healthy skin.Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such
as X-rays and protons, to kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy is sometimes used after surgery
when there is an increased risk that the cancer will return. It might also be an option for people
who can't undergo surgery.
REFERENCE

• /www.pennmedicine.org
• www.mayoclinic.org
• https://www.nhs.uk/