Laser

Materials
Processing
N A R AYA N A R A J U
GOTTUMUKKALA
Lasers
Coherent Matrix UV nanosecond laser – 355 nm, 20 ns, 8 W average power.

Spectra-Physics IceFyre UV picosecond laser – 355 nm, 10 ps, 30 W average power.

IPG YLR-150/1500-QCW-AC-Y11 IR laser – 1070 nm, 0.1 ms, 100 W average power

Trumpf IR CW laser – 1070 nm, 0.1 ms, 4000 W.

Senfeng SF1390i CO2 CW laser – 10.6 µm, 150 W average power.

Projects
 Refractive optical elements – Concave and convex microlens.

 Diffractive optical elements – Gratings and photon sieve.

 Hypersonic materials testing.

 Superhydrophobic surface by laser transfer of PDMS micro particles.

 REFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS
•As sensors are scaling down in
Light
size MLAs provide higher optical
fill factor.
Micro lens array
•Higher sensitivity for the
photodiode. Light shielding layer
Photodiode
•Chromatic aberrations can be
eliminated by changing the lens
Silicon substrate
focal distance for RGB
photodiodes.

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DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL
ELEMENTS
•DOEs operate by optical diffraction and
interference.
•DOEs provide a planar alternative to
traditional refractive lenses.
•As devices are scaling down, the planar
elements have tremendous potential and
applications.

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 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR MICRO-
LENSES

remelted region
Ablated region Picosecond CO2 Laser Beam
CO2 Laser Beam
Laser Beam

Fused Silica Fused Silica Fused Silica

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 CONCAVE LENS – CW CO2 LASER
A

500 µm

SEM image of concave MLAs using CO2 laser. (A) Individual concave lenses. (B) Concave lenses with

random overlap.
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 CONCAVE LENS – CW CO2 LASER
A. C. Simulated beam profile of Gaussian beam

after passing through the CO2 fabricated

500µm 500µm
concave MLA at various distances from the

lens (A) 5 mm, and (B) 10 mm.

B. Experimentally measured beam profile after

D.
passing through the CO2 concave MLA at

500µm 500µm various distances from the lens (C) 5 mm, and

(D) 10 mm.
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CONCAVE lens – CW CO2 laser
• Lens diameter: 421.94 µm
• Lens height: 27.4 µm
• Focal length: 1796.7 µm
• Transmission efficiency: 90.8%
• Beam Divergence:
• X: 6.13º
• Y: 8.04º
• Fabrication time: 1 min

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 CONCAVE LENS – PICOSECOND
LASER

SEM image of concave MLAs using CO2 laser. (A) Individual concave lenses. (B) Concave lenses with

random overlap.
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 CONCAVE LENS – PICOSECOND
LASER
A. C. Simulated beam profile of Gaussian beam after

passing through the picosecond laser fabricated

500 µm 500 µm concave MLA at various distances from the lens (A)

5 mm, and (B) 10 mm. Experimentally measured

B. D.
beam profile after passing through the picosecond

laser fabricated concave MLA at various distances

500 µm 500 µm
from the lens (C) 5 mm, and (D) 10 mm.

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CONCAVE LENS – PICOSECOND
LASER
• Lens diameter: 55.94 µm
• Lens height: 6.14 µm
• Focal length: 145.64 µm
• Transmission efficiency: 85.2%
• Beam Divergence:
• X: 11.99º
• Y: 15.09º
• Fabrication time: 2 min

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CYLINDRICAL LENS –
PICOSECOND AND CO2 LASER
A B

100 µm 100 µm

SEM image of (A) picosecond laser micromachined line pattern. (B) cylindrical lenses after

CO2 laser melting.

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 CYLINDRICAL LENS –
PICOSECOND AND CO2 LASER
A. C. Simulated beam profile of Gaussian beam

after passing through the cylindrical MLA at

500 µm 500 µm various distances from the lens (A) 5 mm,

and (B) 10 mm. Experimentally measured

B. D.
beam profile after passing through the

cylindrical MLA at various distances from

500 µm 500 µm

the lens (C) 5 mm, and (D) 10 mm.

 
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CYLINDRICAL LENS –
PICOSECOND AND CO2 LASER
• Lens diameter: 24.39 µm
• Lens height: 3.1 µm
• Focal length: 55.69 µm
• Transmission efficiency: 86.7%
• Beam Divergence:
• X: 5.55º
• Y: 11.33º
• Fabrication time: 4 min

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 CONVEX LENS – PICOSECOND
AND CO2 LASER
A B

100 µm 100 µm

SEM image of (A) picosecond laser micromachined perpendicular line pattern. (B) convex lenses after

CO2 laser melting.

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CONVEX LENS – PICOSECOND
AND CO2 LASER
A D Simulated beam profile of Gaussian beam after passing
. .
through the convex MLA at various distances from the lens
500 µm 500 µm
(A) 5 mm, (B) 10 mm, and (C) flat top beam profile after

B E beam passes through MLA and convex lens. Experimentally

. .
measured beam profile after passing through the convex
500 µm 500 µm
MLA at various distances from the lens (D) 5 mm, (E) 10

C F. mm, (F) flat top beam profile after beam passes through
.
MLA and convex lens.
1 mm
1 mm

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CONVEX LENS – PICOSECOND
AND CO2 LASER
• Lens diameter: 63.74 µm
• Lens height: 6.5 µm
• Focal length: 177.49 µm
• Transmission efficiency: 84.3%
• Beam Divergence:
• X: 13.35º
• Y: 15.56º
• Fabrication time: 4 min

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 DIFFRACTIVE OPTICAL ELEMENTS PROPERTIES

 DIFFRACTION GRATING ON TOP SURFACE

 DIFFRACTION GRATINGS ON BOTTOM SURFACE
 PHOTON SIEVE
Matthew N. Julian, David G. MacDonnell, and Mool C. Gupta, "Fabrication of photon sieves by laser ablation and optical
properties," Opt. Express 25, 31528-31538 (2017)
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP FOR
MICRO-PATTERNING OF
SAPPHIRE
• Objective lens of NA = 0.28
was used to reduce the laser
beam spot size to 4 µm.
• High precision stage was used
to pattern diffraction gratings.
• Galvo was used to pattern
photon sieve.

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 DIFFRACTION PATTERNS ON TOP
SURFACE
A B

5 µm 50 µm

SEM image of diffraction grating pattern when laser beam was focused on the top surface.

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DIFFRACTION PATTERNS ON TOP
SURFACE
• Line width: 4.47 µm
• Line spacing: 6.38 µm
• Diffraction angles:
• Calculated: 3.12º
• Measured: 2.26º

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DIFFRACTION PATTERNS ON TOP
SURFACE

Diffraction grating beam profile for pattern fabrication on the top surface.

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PHOTON SIEVE

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 PHOTON SIEVE
A. B.
• The focal point was at 77 mm
from the photon sieve surface.
• FWHM of He-Ne laser: 425
• FWHM at focal point : 112
• Focusing efficiency: 24.5%
800 µm 800 µm

Experimentally measured beam profile (A)He-Ne laser beam profile, (B) beam

profile after passing through the photon sieve, 77 mm from the photon sieve

surface.
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 Investigation of High
Temperature Hypersonic
Materials Using 4kW
Laser
N A R AYA N A R A J U G O T T U M U K K A L A

D E PA RT M E N T O F E L E C T R I C A L A N D C O M P U T E R E N G I N E E R I N G

UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA

Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical Engineering

 Laser Generated Temperature
Measurements
•No good method is available to measure these transient temperatures over 1000 C.

•Our approach is based on detection of the visible and infrared light generated during laser heating
process.
Fibe
r optic

Spectrometer
Sample

•This measured light spectrum is compared with the calculations based on black body emission.

•This method is applicable to measure temperature over 3000 C and also it requires a response time of
1 msec.

Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical Engineering

 Calculated Black Body Radiation
Spectrum

Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical Engineering

Experiment
setup
4kW Laser

Gas inlet
Light source
• StellarNet spectrometer for imaging
• Air, Ar and N2 environments. Spectrometer
• fiber optics
XY stage.
• Camera for surface imaging. Sample

XY Stage

Spectrometer

Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical Engineering

 Molybdenum Surface
Temperature Measurements
Experimental
Calculated
This proves that laser can
generate high temperatures
over 2500 C and we have
developed a good method of
measuring the temperature.

Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical Engineering

1000 W, 500 ms, Air 1000 W, 500 ms, Nitrogen 1000 W, 500 ms, Argon
Optically Transparent
Superhydrophobic
Surfaces by Laser
Transfer Process
NARAYANA RAJU GOTTUMUKKALA