MAINTENANCE PHASE

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 REFERENCES:
1. Pg 12, Kendall
2. Pg 51, Roger Pressman(23)
3. Noemi Quezada,The 4 Types of Software Maintenance, December
4th, 2017,
https://endertech.com/blog/maintenance-bug-fixing-4-types-maintenance

4. http://www.anarsolutions.com/types-of-software-maintenance/

5. http://ecomputernotes.com/software-engineering/types-of-software-m
aintenance

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 CONTENTS
1. Need for Maintenance
2. Types
A. Corrective maintenance
B. Perfective maintenance
C. Adaptive maintenance
D. Preventive maintenance
3. Conclusion

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 INTRODUCTION-MAINTENANCE
• After the system is installed, it must be maintained.

• the computer programs must be modified and kept up to date.

• As the number of programs written increases, so does the

amount of maintenance they require.

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 REASONS FOR MAINTENANCE

• To correct software errors.

• To enhance the software’s capabilities

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 REASONS FOR MAINTENANCE
A. To correct software errors.
bugs or errors creep into
computer programs.

Bugs (“known anomalies”)

are corrected when
new versions of the
software are
released.

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 REASONS FOR MAINTENANCE

B. To enhance the software’s capabilities

Changing organizational needs,
Due to the following situations:
1. Users often request additional features after they become
familiar with the computer system and its capabilities.

2. The business changes over time.

3. Hardware and software are changing at an accelerated pace.

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• Maintenance is an ongoing process over the life cycle of an
information system.
• After the information system is installed, maintenance usually
takes the form of correcting previously
undetected program errors.
• Once these are corrected, the system approaches a steady
• state, providing dependable service to its users.
• Maintenance during this period may consist of removing
a few previously undetected bugs and updating the system
with a few minor enhancements.
• As time goes on and the business and technology change,
however, the maintenance effort increases dramatically.
• Amount of Resources Consumed, Time and Money 8
 MAINTENANCE

• Systems need to be reviewed or evaluated periodically to

ensure that they meet user’s needs.

• A critical evaluation may become the starting point for a new

whole cycle of IS development.

• More often, evaluation will result in some proposed changes

and amendments to a system: an activity know as maintenance

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 MAINTENANCE

• A new IS should deliver some benefits to an organization.

• As time goes, organizations changes, and people starts asking

for changes in the new system.

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 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
1. Corrective maintenance
2. Perfective maintenance
3. Adaptive maintenance
4. Preventive maintenance

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 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

A. Corrective maintenance

 customer will uncover defects in the software.

Cr. M. intends to correct faults in the developed system.

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 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
A. Corrective maintenance (contd…)
A defect can result due to errors in software design, logic and
coding.
Design errors occur when changes made to the software are
incorrect, incomplete, wrongly communicated, or the change
request is misunderstood.
Logical errors result from invalid tests and conclusions, incorrect
implementation of design specifications, faulty logic flow, or
incomplete test of data.
All these errors, referred to as residual errors, prevent the
software from conforming to its agreed specifications.
Note that the need for corrective maintenance is usually initiated
by bug reports drawn by the users. 13
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
B. Perfective maintenance
Customer/user will recognize additional functions that will
provide benefit.
PM extends the software beyond its original functional
requirements.
Provide or improve features.

modifying the payroll program to incorporate a new union

settlement and adding a new report in the sales analysis system.
Re-organizing data sets within a database so they can be
searched faster or use less storage or providing shortcuts
commands that experts can use instead of the slower standard
menu system. 14
 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
C. Adaptive maintenance:
 Original environment for which the software was developed is likely to change.
e.g., CPU, operating system, business rules, external product characteristics

 Modification to the software to accommodate changes to its external environment.

Examples:
1. updating the server, compilers, etc or modifications to shipping carriers and
payment processors can affect functionality in your software.
2. Utility Moving to the Clouds
3. Government recently introduced VAT rate
4. a government policy to use a single 'European currency' will have a
significant effect on the software system. An acceptance of this change will
require banks in various member countries to make significant changes in
their software systems to accommodate this currency.

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 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
D. Preventive Maintenance
Computer software deteriorates due to change.
Pr. M. makes changes to computer programs so that they can be more
easily corrected, adapted, and enhanced.

Involves:
1. Restructuring, optimizing code and
2. updating documentation.

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 TYPES OF MAINTENANCE
D. Preventive Maintenance
Documentation updating
involves modifying the documents affected by the changes in order to

correspond to the present state of the system.

Code optimization
involves modifying the programs for
faster execution or efficient use of storage space.

Code restructuring
involves transforming the program structure for
reducing the complexity in source code and 17

making it easier to understand.

 MAINTENANCE-CONCLUSION

• One of the main reason of analysis and design phase is to

produce good documentation that will make maintenance easy.

• Design of a systems (high quality, well documented)

-> Easier to Maintain .

• Cost of maintenance over the full working life of a system can

be very high

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Any Questions???

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