EE-509B MS Thesis-II

IEEE-1588 Precision Time Protocol for Wireless

Sensor Network Synchronization
Presented By:
Aamir Sohail Nagra
ID: 17060039
EE Dept. SSE
12/10/2022 Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)
 1. Abstract

2. Problem Statement

3. Proposed System Model

Contents 4. Introduction

5. Literature Review

6. IEEE 1588 Working Principle

7. Proposed Design Implementation

8. Results and Discussions

9. Conclusions
10. References
12/10/2022 3
 Synchronization has become major challenge in WSNs.

Accuracy bottleneck

1. Abstract
IEEE-1588 Precision Time Protocol for Synchronizations

IEEE-1588 Limitations

IEEE-1588 for wireless Sensor Nodes [proposed]

Packet parser and Message Translator for IEEE-15888

proposed for Wireless Sensor Network Synchronization
FPGA implementation of IEEE-1588 for wireless sensor
networks
12/10/2022 4
 IEEE-1588 is designed for Wired Network
(i.e. Ethernet).

2. Problem
Statement Packet Size Limitation for different medium

Synchronization Accuracy

Synchronization delay sources

12/10/2022 5
 Investigate the synchronization challenges

Performance evaluation of IEEE 1588 for WSNs.

3. Objectives
FPGA implementation of IEEE-1588 for LAN

To achieve high Accuracy

Synchronization approach for WSNs (using Bluetooth)

12/10/2022
6
 Why Synchronization is required?

Well-Known Synchronization Protocols

4. Introduction
Performance bottleneck

Challenges To achieve synchronization

Synchronization approach for WSNs

12/10/2022
7
 4.1.
Synchronization
protocol
1) Reference Broadcast System
(RBS)
• Applicable for both Wired and Figure 1. Reference Broadcast System
Wireless.
• Convergence time is high.
2)Time Syn Protocol for
Synchronization (TPSN)
• Two times better than RBS.
• Energy Conservation is not effective.
• Not effective in case of dynamic
Figure 2. Time Syn Protocol
network.
12/10/2022 8
 4.2.
Synchronization
protocol
3) Flooding Time Synchronization
Protocol
• Consume less network resources
• Support network topology changes.
Figure 3. Flooding Time Synchronization
• Not suitable for large networks
(>1000 sensors)
4) Network Time Protocol (NTP)
• Synchronization with the Internet
• Total System Synchronization:
• Down Servers:
• Not All Servers Guarantee Accurate Figure 4. Network Time Protocol
Time
12/10/2022 9
 5. Literature
Review (1/3)

• Current- Method for

Synchronization in BLE
1) specific current draw
pattern based on the
status of their radio.
2) Hardware based
current measurement
for Time
Synchronization.

Figure 5. BLE Current Drawn Pattern [6]

12/10/2022 10
5. Literature
Review (2/3)
• PTP for wireless Local
Area Network (WLAN)

1) Modified Packet frame

for WLAN
2) Averaging Filter is
proposed.
Figure 6. PTP Packet for WLAN [5]

12/10/2022 11
 5. Literature
Review (3/3)

• Wireless Precision Time Protocol

(WPTP)

Figure 7. WPTP Principle [4]

12/10/2022 12
 6. IEEE-1588
Protocol (1/3)

• Sync
• Follow-up
• Delay Request
• Delay Response

Figure 8. PTP IEEE-1588 working Principle

12/10/2022 13
 6. IEEE-1588
Protocol (2/3)

• PTP Packet for LAN

• Ethernet Header
• Ethernet FCS
• PTP Header
• PTP Message Body

Figure 9. PTP Packet for Ethernet

12/10/2022 14
 6. PTP State
Diagram (3/3)

• Initial Stage.
• Time Stam Unit
• Real Time Clock Offset Calculation
• Message Parser Unit.

Figure 10. IEEE-1588 FSM

12/10/2022 15
 7. Proposed
PTP for WSNs

12/10/2022 Figure 11. Extended IEEE-1588 for WSNs 16

 7. Proposed
System
Model

12/10/2022
Figure 12. Proposed System Block Diagram
17
 7. IEEE-1588
FPGA
Implementatio
n

IEEE-1588 On LAN

Figure 13. Proposed System Block Diagram

12/10/2022
18
7. IEEE-1588 IP
Core
Implementation

IEEE-1588 MASTER Node

On LAN

Figure 14. FPGA Master Node Implementation

12/10/2022
19
 7. IEEE-1588
FPGA
Implementatio
n

Ethernet MAC Core Design

12/10/2022 Figure 15. FPGA Implementation of Ethernet MAC

20
7. IEEE-1588
IP Core
Design

Figure 16. FPGA Implementation of IEEE-1588

12/10/2022
21
 7. IEEE-1588
FPGA
Implementatio
n

IEEE-1588 On Bluetooth

12/10/2022 Figure 17. IEEE-1588 Implementation using Bluetooth

22
7. PTP Bluetooth
Master Node
Block Diagram

Figure 18. Master Node Hardware Implementation

23
12/10/2022
 Eth_Switch
RGMII EMAC Message Buffer

7. PTP Gateway
Block Diagram
Bluetooth Parallel to
controller serial

Sensor Node
Bluetooth Module

Figure 19. PTP Gateway Block Diagram

24
12/10/2022
7. PTP Gateway
Implementation

Figure 20. PTP Gateway Hardware Implementation

25
12/10/2022
 7. PTP
Wireless Node
Block Diagram

Figure 21. Wireless Node Implementation on FPGA

26
12/10/2022
 7. PTP
Wireless Node
Block Diagram

Figure 22. Real-time Hardware Setup

27
12/10/2022
 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

8. 1588 on LAN
-0.0002

-0.0004

Slave Clock Offset from Master

Slave Clock -0.0006

-0.0008

offset (1/4) -0.001

-0.0012

-0.0014

-0.0016

-0.0018

Number of Samples

Figure 23. Slave Clock Offset From Master on LAN

12/10/2022
28
8. 1588 on LAN
40000

35000

Slave clock 30000

counter Drift

Slave Clock Counter Drift

25000

20000

(2/4) 15000

10000

5000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Number of Samples

Figure 24. Slave Clock counter Drift on LAN

12/10/2022
29
 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

8. 1588 on
-0.005

Bluetooth
-0.01

Slave clock offset

-0.015

Slave Clock -0.02

offset (3/4) -0.025

-0.03

Number of Samples

Figure 25. Slave Clock Offset From Master on Bluetooth

12/10/2022
30
 18000

8. 1588 on 16000

LAN
14000

Drifting of slave clock counker

12000

Slave clock
10000

8000

counter Drift 6000

4000

(4/4) 2000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Number of samples

Figure 26. Slave Clock counter Drift on Bluetooth

12/10/2022
31
8. Comparison
Table 1. Results and Discussion of Proposed Method
of Results
Bluetooth Implementation
Implementation LAN Implementation Accuracy
Sr. No. Accuracy
Approach  
 

1 Hyuntae et. al. [1] 200ns N/A

2 Naiara et.al. [3] 40 ns N/A

3 Amirhossein et. al. [6] N/A 231us

4 Proposed Approach 18ns 150ns

Future Work: • In future it can be implemented for Multiple Nodes.

• This research work can also be utilized for various industrial
applications.

12/10/2022
32
 IEEE 1588 implementation using FPGA system in real
time.

IEEE 1588 for Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs)

9. Conclusion
Packet Fragmentation

Message Translation

Performance Evaluation

12/10/2022 33
 [1] H. Cho, J. Jung, B. Cho, Y. Jin, S. W. Lee, and Y. Baek, “Precision time
synchronization using IEEE 1588 for wireless sensor networks,” Proc. - 12th IEEE Int. Conf.
Comput. Sci. Eng. CSE 2009, vol. 2, pp. 579–586, 2009.

[2] Z. M. Lin, C. H. Chang, N. K. Chou, and Y. H. Lin, “Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) based
blood pressure monitoring system,” Proc. 2014 Int. Conf. Intell. Green Build. Smart Grid,
IGBSG 2014, pp. 3–6, 2014.

10. [3] N. Moreira, J. Lázaro, U. Bidarte, J. Jimenez, and A. Astarloa, “On the Utilization of

References System-on-Chip Platforms to Achieve Nanosecond Synchronization Accuracies in Substation

Automation Systems,” IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1932–1942, 2017.

[4] A. Garg, A. Yadav, A. Sikora, and A. S. Sairam, “Wireless Precision Time Protocol,”
IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 812–815, 2018.

[5] I. Allahi, B. Khan, A. S. Nagra, R. Idrees, and S. Masud, “Using Raspberry Pi over
WLAN,” 2018 IEEE Int. Conf. Commun. Syst., pp. 315–320.

[6] A. Yousefi, K. Somaratne, and F. J. Dian, “Analysis of time synchronization based on

current measurement for Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE),” 2017 8th IEEE Annu. Inf. Technol.
Electron. Mob. Commun. Conf. IEMCON 2017, pp. 602–607, 2017

12/10/2022 34
 The End THANK YOU
…Any Questions...

12/10/2022 35